#PAGE_PARAMS# #ADS_HEAD_SCRIPTS# #MICRODATA#

“I like the way I am, but I feel like I could get a little bit bigger”: Perceptions of body image among adolescents and youth living with HIV in Durban, South Africa


Autoři: Patrick Nyamaruze aff001;  Kaymarlin Govender aff002
Působiště autorů: The Discipline of Psychology, School of Applied Human Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa aff001;  Health Economics and HIV and AIDS Research Division, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa aff002
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 15(1)
Kategorie: Research Article
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227583

Souhrn

Body image concerns are common among people living with HIV (PLHIV). Research into how young people living with HIV (YPLHIV) experience and make sense of feared or actual body changes is limited, yet these changes have emotional, psychological and interpersonal implications for young people who associate physical attractiveness with social desirability. The current study examined the subjective perceptions of body appearance and coping mechanisms among a sample of YPLHIV in Durban, South Africa. An interpretive qualitative inquiry was adopted to understand their lived experiences in relation to their body image and body satisfaction. In-depth interviews were conducted with 18 YPLHIV (15–24 years). Findings indicate physical and psychosocial effects of living with HIV among young people including weight loss, skin sores, body dissatisfaction, loss of self-esteem and social withdrawal. The study builds on previous research suggesting that PLHIV may experience a discrepancy between their actual self and ideal self. Enhancing existing coping mechanisms such as religious beliefs, support networks and physical exercises among YPLHIV can counter the physical and psychosocial effects of living with HIV and improve well-being. Body image concerns should be acknowledged when addressing HIV-related health in both health and family settings.

Klíčová slova:

Psychological and psychosocial issues – HIV – Mental health and psychiatry – Emotions – Behavioral and social aspects of health – Weight loss – Adolescents – Psychological defense mechanisms


Zdroje

1. Maartens G, Celum C, Lewin SR. HIV infection: epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention. The Lancet. 2014; 384(9939):258–271.

2. Agwu A, Fairlie L. Antiretroviral treatment, management challenges and outcomes in perinatally HIV-infected adolescents. J Int AIDS Soc. 2013; 16(1):18579. doi: 10.7448/IAS.16.1.18579 23782477

3. Fingeret M, Vidrine D, Arduino R, Gritz E. The association between body image and smoking cessation among individuals living with HIV/AIDS. Body Image. 2007; 4(2):201–206. doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2007.01.005 18089265

4. Yang H, Lee H, Kim M. The Concept Analysis of Body Image of People Living with HIV/AIDS. International Journal of Bio-Science and Bio-Technology. 2015; 7(4):315–324. doi: 10.14257/ijbsbt.2015.7.4.31

5. Muhangi L, Lule SA, Mpairwe H, Ndibazza J, Kizza M, Nampijja M, et al. Maternal HIV infection and other factors associated with growth outcomes of HIV-uninfected infants in Entebbe, Uganda. Public Health Nut. 2013; 16(9):1548–57. doi: 10.1017/S1368980013000499 23507372

6. Huang J, Lee D, Becerra K, Santos R, Barber E, Mathews W. Body Image in Men with HIV. AIDS Patient Care St. 2006; 20(10):668–677.

7. Sharma M, Singh R, Laishram P, Kumar B, Nanao H, Sharma C et al. Access, adherence, quality and impact of ARV provision to current and ex-injecting drug users in Manipur (India): An initial assessment. Int. J. Drug Policy. 2007; 18(4):319–325. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2007.04.001 17689381

8. Naswa S, Marfatia YS. Adolescent HIV/AIDS: Issues and challenges. Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS. 2010; 31(1):1–17. doi: 10.4103/0253-7184.68993 21808429

9. Innes S, Cotton MF, Haubrich R, Conradie MM, Van Niekerk M, Edson C, et al. High prevalence of lipoatrophy in pre-pubertal South African children on antiretroviral therapy: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr. 2012; 12(1):183.

10. Finkelstein JL, Gala P, Rochford R, Glesby MJ, Mehta S. HIV/AIDS and lipodystrophy: implications for clinical management in resource-limited settings. J Int AIDS Soc. 2015; 18(1):19033. doi: 10.7448/IAS.18.1.19033 25598476

11. Martinez SM, Kemper CA, Diamond C, Wagner G, California Collaborative Treatment Group. Body image in patients with HIV/AIDS: assessment of a new psychometric measure and its medical correlates. AIDS Patient Care St. 2005; 19(3):150–6.

12. Grogan S. Body image: Understanding body dissatisfaction in men, women and children. 3rd ed. New York: Routledge; 2016.

13. Voelker DK, Reel JJ, Greenleaf C. Weight status and body image perceptions in adolescents: current perspectives. Adolesc Health Med Ther. 2015; 6:149–58. doi: 10.2147/AHMT.S68344 26347007

14. Varas-Díaz N, Toro-Alfonso J. Incarnating stigma: Visual images of the body with HIV/AIDS. In Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social Research. 2003; 4 (3).

15. Halkitis PN, Green KA, Wilton L. Masculinity, body image, and sexual behavior in HIV-seropositive gay men: a two-phase formative behavioral investigation using the internet. Int J Mens Health. 2004; 3(1): 27–42.

16. Kelly J, Langdon D, Serpell L. The phenomenology of body image in men living with HIV. AIDS Care. 2009; 21(12):1560–1567. doi: 10.1080/09540120902923014 20024735

17. Blashill AJ, Goshe BM, Robbins GK, Mayer KH, Safren SA. Body image disturbance and health behaviors among sexual minority men living with HIV. Health Psychol. 2014; 33(7):677–680. doi: 10.1037/hea0000081 24977311

18. Mudgal S, Tiwari GK. Self-forgiveness and life satisfaction in people living with HIV/AIDS. Int. j. Indian psychol. 2015; 3(1):101–8.

19. Jain P, Tiwari GK. Body image satisfaction and Life Satisfaction in HIV/AIDS patients. Int. j. Indian psychol. 2016; 3(2):81–90.

20. Tate H, George R. The effect of weight loss on body image in HIV-positive gay men. AIDS Care. 2001; 13(2):163–9. doi: 10.1080/09540120020027323 11304421

21. Higgins ET. Self-discrepancy: a theory relating self and affect. Psychol Rev. 1987; 94(3):319–340. 3615707

22. Halliwell E, Dittmar H. Associations between appearance-related self-discrepancies and young women’s and men’s affect, body satisfaction, and emotional eating: A comparison of fixed-item and participant-generated self-discrepancies. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 2006; 32(4):447–58. doi: 10.1177/0146167205284005 16513798

23. Vartanian LR. Self-discrepancy theory and body image. Encyclopedia of body image and human appearance. 2012; 2:711–17.

24. Moretti MM, Higgins ET. Relating self-discrepancy to self-esteem: The contribution of discrepancy beyond actual-self ratings. J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 1990; 26(2):108–23. doi: 10.1016/0022-1031(90)90071-S

25. Holloway I, Wheeler S. Qualitative research for nurses. Oxford: Blackwell Science; 1996.

26. Jenkins V, Fallowfield L. Reasons for accepting or declining to participate in randomized clinical trials for cancer therapy. Br. J. Cancer. 2000; 82(11):1783. doi: 10.1054/bjoc.2000.1142 10839291

27. Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol. 2006; 3(2):77–101.

28. Lincoln YS, Guba EG. Naturalistic Inquiry. Newbury Park: Sage; 1985.

29. Özdemir A, Utkualp N, Palloş A. Physical and Psychosocial Effects of the Changes in Adolescence Period. Int. J. Caring Sci. 2016; 9(2):717.

30. Tseëlon E. The masque of femininity. London: Sage; 1995.

31. Bessenoff GR, Snow D. Absorbing society’s influence: Body image self-discrepancy and internalized shame. Sex Roles. 2006; 54(9–10):727–31. doi: 10.1007/s11199-006-9038-7

32. Kelch-Oliver K, Ancis JR. Black women’s body image: An analysis of culture-specific influences. Women Ther. 2011; 34(4):345–58.

33. Franko DL, Striegel-Moore RH. The role of body dissatisfaction as a risk factor for depression in adolescent girls: Are the differences Black and White? J Psychosom Res. 2002; 53(5):975–83. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3999(02)00490-7 12445587

34. Frederick DA, Forbes GB, Anna B. Female body dissatisfaction and perceptions of the attractive female body in Ghana, the Ukraine, and the United States. Psychological Topics. 2008; 17(2):203–19.

35. MacDonell K, Naar-King S, Huszti H, Belzer M. Barriers to medication adherence in behaviorally and perinatally infected youth living with HIV. AIDS and Behav. 2013; 17(1):86–93. doi: 10.1007/s10461-012-0364-1 23142855

36. Grogan S, Mechan J, Persson S, Finlay S, Hall M. ‘I’ve got a very dichotomous difference in the way that I perceive myself’: Positive and negative constructions of body image following cancer treatment. J Health Psychol. 2017; 24(10):1368–1377. doi: 10.1177/1359105317730896 28929823

37. Coetzee V, Faerber SJ, Greeff JM, Lefevre CE, Re DE, Perrett DI. African perceptions of female attractiveness. PloS One. 2012; 7(10):e48116. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048116 23144734

38. Ley C, Leach L, Barrio MR, Bassett S. Effects of an exercise programme with people living with HIV: research in a disadvantaged setting. Afr. J. AIDS Res. 2014; 13(4):313–19. doi: 10.2989/16085906.2014.961937 25555097

39. Willis N, Mavhu W, Wogrin C, Mutsinze A, Kagee A. Understanding the experience and manifestation of depression in adolescents living with HIV in Harare, Zimbabwe. PloS One. 2018; 13(1):e0190423. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190423 29298326

40. O'Dea JA. Body image and self-esteem. In: Cash TF, editor. Encyclopedia of body image and human appearance. San Diego, CA: Elsevier Academic Press; 2012. p. 141–147.


Článok vyšiel v časopise

PLOS One


2020 Číslo 1
Najčítanejšie tento týždeň
Najčítanejšie v tomto čísle
Kurzy

Zvýšte si kvalifikáciu online z pohodlia domova

Získaná hemofilie - Povědomí o nemoci a její diagnostika
nový kurz

Eozinofilní granulomatóza s polyangiitidou
Autori: doc. MUDr. Martina Doubková, Ph.D.

Všetky kurzy
Prihlásenie
Zabudnuté heslo

Zadajte e-mailovú adresu, s ktorou ste vytvárali účet. Budú Vám na ňu zasielané informácie k nastaveniu nového hesla.

Prihlásenie

Nemáte účet?  Registrujte sa

#ADS_BOTTOM_SCRIPTS#