PD-L1 Expression on Retrovirus-Infected Cells Mediates Immune Escape from CD8 T Cell Killing

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Virus-specific cytotoxic T cells can eliminate infected cells during acute viral infections, but in chronic infections these cells often become dysfunctional or “exhausted.” The inhibitory receptor PD-1 is involved in the suppression of cytotoxic T cell responses in chronic infections. However, during many acute viral infections cytotoxic T cells up-regulate the PD-1 receptor but initially remain competent in killing virus infected target cells. Here we show that the ligand for PD-1, called PD-L1, can be induced on retrovirus infected cells and that the cells with the highest expression of PD-L1 escaped from cytotoxic T cell killing. Thus, PD-L1high infected target cells accumulated during the course of infection, formed the reservoir of virus persistence, and subsequently mediated a negative feedback on cytotoxic T cells via the PD-1 receptor that ultimately resulted in functional exhaustion of these cells. The current results provide evidence for a novel escape mechanism of viruses from cytotoxic T cell responses and may explain how viral reservoirs are established during chronic infections.

Vyšlo v časopise: PD-L1 Expression on Retrovirus-Infected Cells Mediates Immune Escape from CD8 T Cell Killing. PLoS Pathog 11(10): e32767. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005224
Kategorie: Research Article
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005224

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