-
Články
- Časopisy
- Kurzy
- Témy
- Kongresy
- Videa
- Podcasty
Ancient DNA Analysis of 8000 B.C. Near Eastern Farmers Supports an Early Neolithic Pioneer Maritime Colonization of Mainland Europe through Cyprus and the Aegean Islands
Since the original human expansions out of Africa 200,000 years ago, different prehistoric and historic migration events have taken place in Europe. Considering that the movement of the people implies a consequent movement of their genes, it is possible to estimate the impact of these migrations through the genetic analysis of human populations. Agricultural and husbandry practices originated 10,000 years ago in a region of the Near East known as the Fertile Crescent. According to the archaeological record this phenomenon, known as “Neolithic”, rapidly expanded from these territories into Europe. However, whether this diffusion was accompanied or not by human migrations is greatly debated. In the present work, mitochondrial DNA –a type of maternally inherited DNA located in the cell cytoplasm - from the first Near Eastern Neolithic populations was recovered and compared to available data from other Neolithic populations in Europe and also to modern populations from South Eastern Europe and the Near East. The obtained results show that substantial human migrations were involved in the Neolithic spread and suggest that the first Neolithic farmers entered Europe following a maritime route through Cyprus and the Aegean Islands.
Vyšlo v časopise: Ancient DNA Analysis of 8000 B.C. Near Eastern Farmers Supports an Early Neolithic Pioneer Maritime Colonization of Mainland Europe through Cyprus and the Aegean Islands. PLoS Genet 10(6): e32767. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004401
Kategorie: Research Article
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1004401Souhrn
Since the original human expansions out of Africa 200,000 years ago, different prehistoric and historic migration events have taken place in Europe. Considering that the movement of the people implies a consequent movement of their genes, it is possible to estimate the impact of these migrations through the genetic analysis of human populations. Agricultural and husbandry practices originated 10,000 years ago in a region of the Near East known as the Fertile Crescent. According to the archaeological record this phenomenon, known as “Neolithic”, rapidly expanded from these territories into Europe. However, whether this diffusion was accompanied or not by human migrations is greatly debated. In the present work, mitochondrial DNA –a type of maternally inherited DNA located in the cell cytoplasm - from the first Near Eastern Neolithic populations was recovered and compared to available data from other Neolithic populations in Europe and also to modern populations from South Eastern Europe and the Near East. The obtained results show that substantial human migrations were involved in the Neolithic spread and suggest that the first Neolithic farmers entered Europe following a maritime route through Cyprus and the Aegean Islands.
Zdroje
1. Childe VG (1957) The Dawn of European Civilization. 6th Revised edition. New York: Alfred A. Knopf Inc. 366 p.
2. Ammerman A, Cavalli-Sforza LL (1984) The Neolithic Transition and the Genetics of Populations in Europe. Princeton Univ Pr. 200 p.
3. Price TD (2000) Europe's First Farmers. Cambridge University Press. 395 p.
4. Renfrew C (1987) Archaeology and language: the puzzle of Indo-European origins. CUP Archive. 372 p.
5. Piggott S (1965) Ancient Europe. Edinburgh, United Kingdom: Edinburgh University Press. 420 p.
6. ZvelebilM (2001) The agricultural transition and the origins of Neolithic society in Europe. Documenta Praehistorica XXVIII: 1–26.
7. Cavalli-Sforza, Menozzi P, Piazza A (1994) The history and geograhpy of human genes. Princetown University Press. 1088 p.
8. SeminoO, PassarinoG, BregaA, FellousM, Santachiara-BenerecettiAS (1996) A view of the neolithic demic diffusion in Europe through two Y chromosome-specific markers. Am J Hum Genet 59 : 964–968.
9. RosserZH, ZerjalT, HurlesME, AdojaanM, AlavanticD, et al. (2000) Y-chromosomal diversity in Europe is clinal and influenced primarily by geography, rather than by language. Am J Hum Genet 67 : 1526–1543 doi:10.1086/316890
10. BalaresqueP, BowdenGR, AdamsSM, LeungH-Y, KingTE, et al. (2010) A Predominantly Neolithic Origin for European Paternal Lineages. PLoS Biol 8: e1000285 doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000285
11. RichardsM, Côrte-RealH, ForsterP, MacaulayV, Wilkinson-HerbotsH, et al. (1996) Paleolithic and neolithic lineages in the European mitochondrial gene pool. Am J Hum Genet 59 : 185–203.
12. RichardsM, MacaulayV, HickeyE, VegaE, SykesB, et al. (2000) Tracing European founder lineages in the Near Eastern mtDNA pool. Am J Hum Genet 67 : 1251–1276.
13. ZhengH-X, YanS, QinZ-D, JinL (2012) MtDNA analysis of global populations support that major population expansions began before Neolithic Time. Sci Rep 2 : 745.
14. FuQ, RudanP, PääboS, KrauseJ (2012) Complete Mitochondrial Genomes Reveal Neolithic Expansion into Europe. PLoS ONE 7: e32473 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0032473
15. DeguillouxM, LeahyR, PemongeM, RottierS (2012) European Neolithization and Ancient DNA: An Assessment. Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews 21 : 24–37 doi:10.1002/evan.20341
16. RasteiroR, ChikhiL (2013) Female and Male Perspectives on the Neolithic Transition in Europe: Clues from Ancient and Modern Genetic Data. PLoS ONE 8: e60944 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0060944
17. ZvelebilM (1998) Genetic and Cultural Diversity of Europe: A Comment on Cavalli-Sforza. Journal of Anthropological Research 54 : 411–417 doi:10.2307/3630658
18. PierronD, ChangI, ArachicheA, HeiskeM, ThomasO, et al. (2011) Mutation rate switch inside Eurasian mitochondrial haplogroups: impact of selection and consequences for dating settlement in Europe. PLoS ONE 6: e21543 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0021543
19. BrandtG, HaakW, AdlerCJ, RothC, Szecsenyi-NagyA, et al. (2013) Ancient DNA Reveals Key Stages in the Formation of Central European Mitochondrial Genetic Diversity. Science 342 : 257–261 doi:10.1126/science.1241844
20. BollonginoR, NehlichO, RichardsMP, OrschiedtJ, ThomasMG, et al. (2013) 2000 Years of Parallel Societies in Stone Age Central Europe. Science 342 : 479–481 doi:10.1126/science.1245049
21. BarbujaniG, GoldsteinDB (2004) Africans and Asians abroad: Genetic Diversity in Europe. Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics 5 : 119–150 doi:10.1146/annurev.genom.5.061903.180021
22. ChikhiL, NicholsRA, BarbujaniG, BeaumontMA (2002) Y genetic data support the Neolithic demic diffusion model. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99 : 11008–11013 doi:10.1073/pnas.162158799
23. BramantiB, ThomasMG, HaakW, UnterlaenderM, JoresP, et al. (2009) Genetic discontinuity between local hunter-gatherers and central Europe's first farmers. Science 326 : 137–140 doi:10.1126/science.1176869
24. HaakW, BalanovskyO, SanchezJJ, KoshelS, ZaporozhchenkoV, et al. (2010) Ancient DNA from European early neolithic farmers reveals their near eastern affinities. PLoS Biol 8: e1000536 doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000536
25. MalmströmH, GilbertMTP, ThomasMG, BrandströmM, StoråJ, et al. (2009) Ancient DNA reveals lack of continuity between neolithic hunter-gatherers and contemporary Scandinavians. Curr Biol 19 : 1758–1762 doi:10.1016/j.cub.2009.09.017
26. SkoglundP, MalmströmH, RaghavanM, StoråJ, HallP, et al. (2012) Origins and Genetic Legacy of Neolithic Farmers and Hunter-Gatherers in Europe. Science 336 : 466–469 doi:10.1126/science.1216304
27. GambaC, FernándezE, TiradoM, DeguillouxMF, PemongeMH, et al. (2012) Ancient DNA from an Early Neolithic Iberian population supports a pioneer colonization by first farmers. Molecular Ecology 21 : 45–56 doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05361.x
28. HervellaM, IzagirreN, AlonsoS, FregelR, AlonsoA, et al. (2012) Ancient DNA from Hunter-Gatherer and Farmer Groups from Northern Spain Supports a Random Dispersion Model for the Neolithic Expansion into Europe. PLoS ONE 7: e34417 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0034417
29. SampietroML, LaoO, CaramelliD, LariM, PouR, et al. (2007) Palaeogenetic evidence supports a dual model of Neolithic spreading into Europe. Proc Biol Sci 274 : 2161–2167 doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.0465
30. LacanM, KeyserC, RicautF-X, BrucatoN, DuranthonF, et al. (2011) Ancient DNA reveals male diffusion through the Neolithic Mediterranean route. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108 : 9788–9791 doi:10.1073/pnas.1100723108
31. LacanM, KeyserC, RicautF-X, BrucatoN, TarrúsJ, et al. (2011) Ancient DNA suggests the leading role played by men in the Neolithic dissemination. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108 : 18255–18259 doi:10.1073/pnas.1113061108
32. Guerrero E, Naji S, Bocquet-Appel J-P (n.d.) The Signal of the Neolithic Demographic Transition in the Levant. In: Bocquet-Appel J-P, Bar-Yosef O, editors. The Neolithic Demographic Transition and its Consequences. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. pp. 57–80.
33. BeharDM, MetspaluE, KivisildT, RossetS, TzurS, et al. (2008) Counting the founders: the matrilineal genetic ancestry of the Jewish Diaspora. PLoS ONE 3: e2062 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002062
34. BrandstätterA, EgyedB, ZimmermannB, DuftnerN, PadarZ, et al. (2007) Migration rates and genetic structure of two Hungarian ethnic groups in Transylvania, Romania. Ann Hum Genet 71 : 791–803 doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2007.00371.x
35. GreshamD, MorarB, UnderhillPA, PassarinoG, LinAA, et al. (2001) Origins and Divergence of the Roma (Gypsies). Am J Hum Genet 69 : 1314–1331.
36. CooperA, PoinarHN (2000) Ancient DNA: do it right or not at all. Science 289 : 1139.
37. PääboS, PoinarH, SerreD, Jaenicke-DespresV, HeblerJ, et al. (2004) Genetic analyses from ancient DNA. Annu Rev Genet 38 : 645–679 doi:10.1146/annurev.genet.37.110801.143214
38. GilbertMTP, BandeltH-J, HofreiterM, BarnesI (2005) Assessing ancient DNA studies. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 20 : 541–544 doi:10.1016/j.tree.2005.07.005
39. BollonginoR, TressetA, VigneJ-D (2008) Environment and excavation: Pre-lab impacts on ancient DNA analyses. Comptes Rendus Palevol 7 : 91–98 doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2008.02.002
40. EdwardsCJ, MacHughDE, DobneyKM, MartinL, RussellN, et al. (2004) Ancient DNA analysis of 101 cattle remains: limits and prospects. Journal of Archaeological Science 31 : 695–710 doi:10.1016/j.jas.2003.11.001
41. Bar-GalGK, KhalailyH, MaderO, DucosP, HorwitzLK (2002) Ancient DNA Evidence for the Transition from Wild to Domestic Status in Neolithic Goats: A Case Study from the Site of Abu Gosh, Israel. Ancient Biomolecules 4 : 9–17 doi:10.1080/13586120290018482
42. SalamonM, TzurS, ArensburgB, ZiasJ, NagarY, et al. (2010) Ancient mtdna sequences and radiocarbon dating of human bones from the chalcolithic caves of wadi el-makkukh. Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry 10 : 1–14.
43. KuijtI, GuerreroE, MolistM, AnfrunsJ (2011) The changing Neolithic household: Household autonomy and social segmentation, Tell Halula, Syria. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 30 : 502–522 doi:10.1016/j.jaa.2011.07.001
44. FernándezE, OrtizJE, Pérez-PérezA, PratsE, TurbónD, et al. (2009) Aspartic acid racemization variability in ancient human remains: implications in the prediction of ancient DNA recovery. Journal of Archaeological Science 36 : 965–972 doi:10.1016/j.jas.2008.11.009
45. SosaC, VispeE, NúñezC, BaetaM, CasalodY, et al. (2013) Association between ancient bone preservation and DNA yield: A multidisciplinary approach. Am J Phys Anthropol 151 : 102–109 doi:10.1002/ajpa.22262
46. HaakW, ForsterP, BramantiB, MatsumuraS, BrandtG, et al. (2005) Ancient DNA from the first European farmers in 7500-year-old Neolithic sites. Science 310 : 1016–1018 doi:10.1126/science.1118725
47. ShlushLI, BeharDM, YudkovskyG, TempletonA, HadidY, et al. (2008) The Druze: A Population Genetic Refugium of the Near East. PLoS ONE 3: e2105 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002105
48. CostaMD, PereiraJB, PalaM, FernandesV, OlivieriA, et al. (2013) A substantial prehistoric European ancestry amongst Ashkenazi maternal lineages. Nat Commun 4 : 2543.
49. SoaresP, AchilliA, SeminoO, DaviesW, MacaulayV, et al. (2010) The archaeogenetics of Europe. Curr Biol 20: R174–183 doi:10.1016/j.cub.2009.11.054
50. BrothertonP, HaakW, TempletonJ, BrandtG, SoubrierJ, et al. (2013) Neolithic mitochondrial haplogroup H genomes and the genetic origins of Europeans. Nat Commun 4 : 1764 doi:10.1038/ncomms2656
51. Peltenburg E, Colledge S, Croft P, Jackson A, McCartney C, et al. (2000) Agro-pastoralist colonization of Cyprus in the 10th millennium BP: initial assessments. Available: http://antiquity.ac.uk/ant/074/Ant0740844.htm. Accessed 23 May 2013.
52. VigneJ-D, BrioisF, ZazzoA, WillcoxG, CucchiT, et al. (2012) First wave of cultivators spread to Cyprus at least 10,600 y ago. PNAS 109 : 8445–8449.
53. BroodbankC, StrasserT (1991) Migrant farmers and the Neolithic colonization of Crete. Antiquity 65 : 233–245.
54. PerlèsC (2005) An alternate (and old fashioned) view of the Neolithisation in Greece. Documenta Praehistorica XXX: 99–113.
55. HugheyJR, PaschouP, DrineasP, MastropaoloD, LotakisDM, et al. (2013) A European population in Minoan Bronze Age Crete. Nat Commun 4 : 1861 doi:10.1038/ncomms2871
56. Bocquet-AppelJ-P, NajiS, LindenMV, KozlowskiJK (2009) Detection of diffusion and contact zones of early farming in Europe from the space-time distribution of 14C dates. Journal of Archaeological Science 36 : 807–820 doi:10.1016/j.jas.2008.11.004
57. Cauvin J (1997) Naissance des divinités, naissance de l'agriculture: la révolution des symboles au néolithique. 2nd ed. Paris: Editions du CNRS. 310 p.
58. Goring-Morris N, Belfer-Cohen A (2010) Different Ways of Being, Different Ways of Seeing … Changing Worldviews in the Near East. Landscapes in Transition. Oxford, UK: Council for British Research in the Levant and Oxbow Books.
59. GuilaineJ (2001) La diffusion du Néolithique en Europe. Une hypothèse arythmique. Zephyrus 53–54 : 267–272.
60. Molist M (1996) Tell Halula (Siria): un yacimiento neolítico del Valle Medio de Eufrates, campañas de 1991 y 1992. Ministerio de Educación y Cultura, Dirección General de Bellas Artes y Bienes Culturales, Instituto del Patrimonio Histórico Español. 223 p.
61. Molist M (2001) Novedades de la Investigación de los orígenes de las sociedades agrícolas en el Próximo Oriente: el medio Éufrates sirio y su rol en el proceso de neolitización. De la estepa al Mediterráneo: Actas del Ier Congreso de Arqueología e Historia Antigua del Oriente Próximo. Barcelona: M Eridu, Vol. 1 . pp. 173–188.
62. MolistM, AnfrunsJ, CruellsW, ClopX, SañaM (2004) Estudio del asentamiento de Tell Halula (valle del Éufrates, Siria): aportaciones para el estudio de la emergencia de las sociedades agrícolas en el Próximo Oriente. Bienes culturales: revista del Instituto del Patrimonio Histórico Español 3 : 45–62.
63. Faura JM (1996) Un conjunt ceràmic del VIII mil·leni B.P. a la Vall de l'Éufrates: Les produccions de Tell Halula (Síria) Barcelona: Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.
64. GuerreroE, MolistM, KuijtI, AnfrunsJ (2009) Seated Memory: New Insights into Near Eastern Neolithic Mortuary Variability from Tell Halula, Syria. Current Anthropology 50 : 379–391.
65. FerembachD (1970) Etude antropologique des ossements humains néolitiques de Tell Ramad (Syrie campagnes 1963–66). L'Anthropologie 74 : 247–254.
66. AsoutiE, FullerDQ (2013) A contextual approach to the emergence of agriculture in southwest Asia: Reconstructing early neolithic plant-food production. Current Anthropology 54 : 299–345.
67. Coqueugniot E (2000) Dja'de, Syrie: un village a la veille de la domestication. Premiers paysans du monde: naissances des agricultures: [seminaire]. Editions Errance. pp. 63–79.
68. Desmeulles V (2001) Les pratiques funéraires du PPNB ancien de Syrie, étude de cas: Dja'de El Mughara Paris: Université de Paris I Panteón-Sorbone.
69. FernándezE, ThawS, BrownTA, Arroyo-PardoE, BuxóR, et al. (2013) DNA analysis in charred grains of naked wheat from several archaeological sites in Spain. Journal of Archaeological Science 40 : 659–670 doi:10.1016/j.jas.2012.07.014
70. AndrewsRM, KubackaI, ChinneryPF, LightowlersRN, TurnbullDM, et al. (1999) Reanalysis and revision of the Cambridge reference sequence for human mitochondrial DNA. Nat Genet 23 : 147 doi:10.1038/13779
71. Kloss-BrandstätterA, PacherD, SchönherrS, WeissensteinerH, BinnaR, et al. (2011) HaploGrep: a fast and reliable algorithm for automatic classification of mitochondrial DNA haplogroups. Human Mutation 32 : 25–32 doi:10.1002/humu.21382
72. Van OvenM, KayserM (2009) Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation. Hum Mutat 30: E386–394 doi:10.1002/humu.20921
73. Sánchez-QuintoF, SchroederH, RamirezO, Ávila-ArcosMC, PybusM, et al. (2012) Genomic Affinities of Two 7,000-Year-Old Iberian Hunter-Gatherers. Current Biology 22 : 1494–1499 doi:10.1016/j.cub.2012.06.005
74. HandtO, KringsM, WardRH, PääboS (1996) The retrieval of ancient human DNA sequences. Am J Hum Genet 59 : 368–376.
75. FregelR, DelgadoS (2011) HaploSearch: a tool for haplotype-sequence two-way transformation. Mitochondrion 11 : 366–367 doi:10.1016/j.mito.2010.11.001
76. IBM Corp. (2012) IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp: IBM Corp. p.
77. ExcoffierL, LischerHEL (2010) Arlequin suite ver 3.5: a new series of programs to perform population genetics analyses under Linux and Windows. Molecular Ecology Resources 10 : 564–567 doi:10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02847.x
78. ReynoldsJ, WeirBS, CockerhamCC (1983) Estimation of the coancestry coefficient: basis for a short-term genetic distance. Genetics 105 : 767–779.
79. SlatkinM (1995) A Measure of Population Subdivision Based on Microsatellite Allele Frequencies. Genetics 139 : 457–462.
80. BenjaminiY, HochbergY (1995) Controlling the False Discovery Rate: A Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple Testing. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B (Methodological) 57 : 289–300.
81. R Core Team (2012) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria. p. Available:http://www.R-project.org/.
82. WardJH (1963) Hierarchical Grouping to Optimize an Objective Function. Journal of the American Statistical Association 58 : 236–244.
83. Lebart L, Morineau A, Warwick K (1984) Multivariate Descriptive Statistical Analysis. New York: Wiley. p.
Štítky
Genetika Reprodukčná medicína
Článok vyšiel v časopisePLOS Genetics
Najčítanejšie tento týždeň
2014 Číslo 6- Gynekologové a odborníci na reprodukční medicínu se sejdou na prvním virtuálním summitu
- Je „freeze-all“ pro všechny? Odborníci na fertilitu diskutovali na virtuálním summitu
-
Všetky články tohto čísla
- Inflammation: Gone with Translation
- Recombination Accelerates Adaptation on a Large-Scale Empirical Fitness Landscape in HIV-1
- Caspase Inhibition in Select Olfactory Neurons Restores Innate Attraction Behavior in Aged
- Accurate, Model-Based Tuning of Synthetic Gene Expression Using Introns in
- A Novel Peptidoglycan Binding Protein Crucial for PBP1A-Mediated Cell Wall Biogenesis in
- Ancient DNA Analysis of 8000 B.C. Near Eastern Farmers Supports an Early Neolithic Pioneer Maritime Colonization of Mainland Europe through Cyprus and the Aegean Islands
- The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Critically Regulates Endometrial Function during Early Pregnancy
- Introgression from Domestic Goat Generated Variation at the Major Histocompatibility Complex of Alpine Ibex
- Netrins and Wnts Function Redundantly to Regulate Antero-Posterior and Dorso-Ventral Guidance in
- Coordination of Wing and Whole-Body Development at Developmental Milestones Ensures Robustness against Environmental and Physiological Perturbations
- Phenotypic Dissection of Bone Mineral Density Reveals Skeletal Site Specificity and Facilitates the Identification of Novel Loci in the Genetic Regulation of Bone Mass Attainment
- Deep Evolutionary Comparison of Gene Expression Identifies Parallel Recruitment of -Factors in Two Independent Origins of C Photosynthesis
- Loss of UCP2 Attenuates Mitochondrial Dysfunction without Altering ROS Production and Uncoupling Activity
- Translational Regulation of Specific mRNAs Controls Feedback Inhibition and Survival during Macrophage Activation
- Rosa26-GFP Direct Repeat (RaDR-GFP) Mice Reveal Tissue- and Age-Dependence of Homologous Recombination in Mammals
- Abnormal Type I Collagen Post-translational Modification and Crosslinking in a Cyclophilin B KO Mouse Model of Recessive Osteogenesis Imperfecta
- : Clonal Reinforcement Drives Evolution of a Simple Microbial Community
- Reviving the Dead: History and Reactivation of an Extinct L1
- Defective iA37 Modification of Mitochondrial and Cytosolic tRNAs Results from Pathogenic Mutations in TRIT1 and Its Substrate tRNA
- Early Back-to-Africa Migration into the Horn of Africa
- Aberrant Autolysosomal Regulation Is Linked to The Induction of Embryonic Senescence: Differential Roles of Beclin 1 and p53 in Vertebrate Spns1 Deficiency
- Microbial Succession in the Gut: Directional Trends of Taxonomic and Functional Change in a Birth Cohort of Spanish Infants
- Integrated Pathway-Based Approach Identifies Association between Genomic Regions at CTCF and CACNB2 and Schizophrenia
- Genetic Determinants of Long-Term Changes in Blood Lipid Concentrations: 10-Year Follow-Up of the GLACIER Study
- Palaeosymbiosis Revealed by Genomic Fossils of in a Strongyloidean Nematode
- Early Embryogenesis-Specific Expression of the Rice Transposon Enhances Amplification of the MITE
- PINK1-Mediated Phosphorylation of Parkin Boosts Parkin Activity in
- OsHUS1 Facilitates Accurate Meiotic Recombination in Rice
- Genetic Background Drives Transcriptional Variation in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
- Pervasive Divergence of Transcriptional Gene Regulation in Caenorhabditis Nematodes
- N-WASP Is Required for Structural Integrity of the Blood-Testis Barrier
- The Transcription Factor TFII-I Promotes DNA Translesion Synthesis and Genomic Stability
- An Operon of Three Transcriptional Regulators Controls Horizontal Gene Transfer of the Integrative and Conjugative Element ICE in B13
- Digital Genotyping of Macrosatellites and Multicopy Genes Reveals Novel Biological Functions Associated with Copy Number Variation of Large Tandem Repeats
- ATRA-Induced Cellular Differentiation and CD38 Expression Inhibits Acquisition of BCR-ABL Mutations for CML Acquired Resistance
- The EJC Binding and Dissociating Activity of PYM Is Regulated in
- JNK Controls the Onset of Mitosis in Planarian Stem Cells and Triggers Apoptotic Cell Death Required for Regeneration and Remodeling
- Mouse Y-Linked and Are Expressed during the Male-Specific Interphase between Meiosis I and Meiosis II and Promote the 2 Meiotic Division
- Rasa3 Controls Megakaryocyte Rap1 Activation, Integrin Signaling and Differentiation into Proplatelet
- Transcriptional Control of Steroid Biosynthesis Genes in the Prothoracic Gland by Ventral Veins Lacking and Knirps
- Souffle/Spastizin Controls Secretory Vesicle Maturation during Zebrafish Oogenesis
- The POU Factor Ventral Veins Lacking/Drifter Directs the Timing of Metamorphosis through Ecdysteroid and Juvenile Hormone Signaling
- The First Endogenous Herpesvirus, Identified in the Tarsier Genome, and Novel Sequences from Primate Rhadinoviruses and Lymphocryptoviruses
- Sequence of a Complete Chicken BG Haplotype Shows Dynamic Expansion and Contraction of Two Gene Lineages with Particular Expression Patterns
- Background Selection as Baseline for Nucleotide Variation across the Genome
- CPF-Associated Phosphatase Activity Opposes Condensin-Mediated Chromosome Condensation
- The Effects of Codon Context on Translation Speed
- Glycogen Synthase Kinase (GSK) 3β Phosphorylates and Protects Nuclear Myosin 1c from Proteasome-Mediated Degradation to Activate rDNA Transcription in Early G1 Cells
- Regulation of Gene Expression in Autoimmune Disease Loci and the Genetic Basis of Proliferation in CD4 Effector Memory T Cells
- Muscle Structure Influences Utrophin Expression in Mice
- BLMP-1/Blimp-1 Regulates the Spatiotemporal Cell Migration Pattern in
- Identification of Late Larval Stage Developmental Checkpoints in Regulated by Insulin/IGF and Steroid Hormone Signaling Pathways
- Transport of Magnesium by a Bacterial Nramp-Related Gene
- Sgo1 Regulates Both Condensin and Ipl1/Aurora B to Promote Chromosome Biorientation
- The HY5-PIF Regulatory Module Coordinates Light and Temperature Control of Photosynthetic Gene Transcription
- The Rim15-Endosulfine-PP2A Signalling Module Regulates Entry into Gametogenesis and Quiescence Distinct Mechanisms in Budding Yeast
- Regulation of Hfq by the RNA CrcZ in Carbon Catabolite Repression
- Loss of a Neural AMP-Activated Kinase Mimics the Effects of Elevated Serotonin on Fat, Movement, and Hormonal Secretions
- Positive Feedback of Expression Ensures Irreversible Meiotic Commitment in Budding Yeast
- Hecate/Grip2a Acts to Reorganize the Cytoskeleton in the Symmetry-Breaking Event of Embryonic Axis Induction
- Regulatory Mechanisms That Prevent Re-initiation of DNA Replication Can Be Locally Modulated at Origins by Nearby Sequence Elements
- Speciation and Introgression between and
- PLOS Genetics
- Archív čísel
- Aktuálne číslo
- Informácie o časopise
Najčítanejšie v tomto čísle- Early Back-to-Africa Migration into the Horn of Africa
- PINK1-Mediated Phosphorylation of Parkin Boosts Parkin Activity in
- OsHUS1 Facilitates Accurate Meiotic Recombination in Rice
- An Operon of Three Transcriptional Regulators Controls Horizontal Gene Transfer of the Integrative and Conjugative Element ICE in B13
Prihlásenie#ADS_BOTTOM_SCRIPTS#Zabudnuté hesloZadajte e-mailovú adresu, s ktorou ste vytvárali účet. Budú Vám na ňu zasielané informácie k nastaveniu nového hesla.
- Časopisy