Transgenerational epigenetic gene silencing has been shown to be important for organisms to react directly to their environment without the need to acquire genetic mutations. The inheritance of acquired traits via the gametes can prove advantageous in fast reproducing organisms. In Caenorhabditis elegans, a free-living nematode, multigenerational epigenetic inheritance can be induced by exogenous (experimentally provided) and endogenous cues that trigger small RNA-dependent gene silencing in the germline of these animals. PIWI interacting small RNAs (piRNAs) are required for the initiation of stable silencing of invading genomic elements in the germline such as transposons. Gene silencing established by piRNAs can subsequently be maintained over multiple generations without the original trigger. In C. elegans, this stable maintenance of silencing requires an additional class of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that must be amplified in each generation in order to maintain multigenerational silencing. Here we show that these siRNAs fall into two distinct classes, which we call secondary and tertiary siRNAs. We find that the production of tertiary siRNAs is part of a nuclear amplification pathway associated with the stable heritable silencing of an allele, a form of paramutation. This amplification pathway therefore promotes germline integrity and possibly the inheritance of acquired physiological traits.
Vyšlo v časopise: Tertiary siRNAs Mediate Paramutation in .. PLoS Genet 11(3): e32767. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005078 Kategorie: Research Article prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005078
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