Because the speciation events that led to human, chimpanzee and gorilla were close in time, the genetic relationship of these species varies along the genome. While human and chimpanzee are the closest related species, in 15% of the genome, human and gorilla are more closely related, and in another 15% of the genome the chimpanzee and gorilla are more closely related—a phenomenon called incomplete lineage sorting (ILS). The amount and distribution of ILS can be predicted using population genetics theory and is affected by demography and selection in the ancestral populations. It was previously reported that the X chromosome, in contrast to autosomes, has less than the expected level of ILS. Using a full genome alignment of the X chromosome, we show that this low level of ILS affects only one third of the chromosome. Regions with low level of ILS also show reduced diversity in the extant populations of human and great apes and coincide with regions devoid of Neanderthal introgression. We propose that these regions are targets of selection and that they played a role in the formation of reproductive barriers.
Vyšlo v časopise: Strong Selective Sweeps on the X Chromosome in the Human-Chimpanzee Ancestor Explain Its Low Divergence. PLoS Genet 11(8): e32767. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005451 Kategorie: Research Article prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005451
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