#PAGE_PARAMS# #ADS_HEAD_SCRIPTS# #MICRODATA#
preLekára.sk / Odborné časopisy / PLOS Genetics / 2012 - 3

Spo0A∼P Imposes a Temporal Gate for the Bimodal Expression of Competence in

English version České info

ComK transcriptionally controls competence for the uptake of transforming DNA in Bacillus subtilis. Only 10%–20% of the cells in a clonal population are randomly selected for competence. Because ComK activates its own promoter, cells exceeding a threshold amount of ComK trigger a positive feedback loop, transitioning to the competence ON state. The transition rate increases to a maximum during the approach to stationary phase and then decreases, with most cells remaining OFF. The average basal rate of comK transcription increases transiently, defining a window of opportunity for transitions and accounting for the heterogeneity of competent populations. We show that as the concentration of the response regulator Spo0A∼P increases during the entry to stationary phase it first induces comK promoter activity and then represses it by direct binding. Spo0A∼P activates by antagonizing the repressor, Rok. This amplifies an inherent increase in basal level comK promoter activity that takes place during the approach to stationary phase and is a general feature of core promoters, serving to couple the probability of competence transitions to growth rate. Competence transitions are thus regulated by growth rate and temporally controlled by the complex mechanisms that govern the formation of Spo0A∼P. On the level of individual cells, the fate-determining noise for competence is intrinsic to the comK promoter. This overall mechanism has been stochastically simulated and shown to be plausible. Thus, a deterministic mechanism modulates an inherently stochastic process.

Vyšlo v časopise: Spo0A∼P Imposes a Temporal Gate for the Bimodal Expression of Competence in. PLoS Genet 8(3): e32767. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002586
Kategorie: Research Article
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1002586

Souhrn

ComK transcriptionally controls competence for the uptake of transforming DNA in Bacillus subtilis. Only 10%–20% of the cells in a clonal population are randomly selected for competence. Because ComK activates its own promoter, cells exceeding a threshold amount of ComK trigger a positive feedback loop, transitioning to the competence ON state. The transition rate increases to a maximum during the approach to stationary phase and then decreases, with most cells remaining OFF. The average basal rate of comK transcription increases transiently, defining a window of opportunity for transitions and accounting for the heterogeneity of competent populations. We show that as the concentration of the response regulator Spo0A∼P increases during the entry to stationary phase it first induces comK promoter activity and then represses it by direct binding. Spo0A∼P activates by antagonizing the repressor, Rok. This amplifies an inherent increase in basal level comK promoter activity that takes place during the approach to stationary phase and is a general feature of core promoters, serving to couple the probability of competence transitions to growth rate. Competence transitions are thus regulated by growth rate and temporally controlled by the complex mechanisms that govern the formation of Spo0A∼P. On the level of individual cells, the fate-determining noise for competence is intrinsic to the comK promoter. This overall mechanism has been stochastically simulated and shown to be plausible. Thus, a deterministic mechanism modulates an inherently stochastic process.

Zdroje

1. LosickRDesplanC 2008 Stochasticity and cell fate. Science 320 65 68

2. RajAvan OudenaardenA 2008 Nature, nurture, or chance: stochastic gene expression and its consequences. Cell 135 216 226

3. BalazsiGvan OudenaardenACollinsJJ 2011 Cellular decision making and biological noise: from microbes to mammals. Cell 144 910 925

4. CozyLMKearnsDB 2010 Gene position in a long operon governs motility development in Bacillus subtilis. Mol Microbiol 76 273 285

5. SuelGMGarcia-OjalvoJLibermanLMElowitzMB 2006 An excitable gene regulatory circuit induces transient cellular differentiation. Nature 440 545 550

6. SuelGMKulkarniRPDworkinJGarcia-OjalvoJElowitzMB 2007 Tunability and noise dependence in differentiation dynamics. Science 315 1716 1719

7. CagatayTTurcotteMElowitzMBGarcia-OjalvoJSuelGM 2009 Architecture-dependent noise discriminates functionally analogous differentiation circuits. Cell 139 512 522

8. MaamarHRajADubnauD 2007 Noise in gene expression determines cell fate in Bacillus subtilis. Science 317 526 529

9. VeeningJWSmitsWKHamoenLWKuipersOP 2006 Single cell analysis of gene expression patterns of competence development and initiation of sporulation in Bacillus subtilis grown on chemically defined media. J Appl Microbiol 101 531 541

10. VeeningJWIgoshinOAEijlanderRTNijlandRHamoenLW 2008 Transient heterogeneity in extracellular protease production by Bacillus subtilis. Mol Syst Biol 4 184

11. LeisnerMStinglKRadlerJOMaierB 2007 Basal expression rate of comK sets a ‘switching-window’ into the K-state of Bacillus subtilis. Mol Microbiol 63 1806 1816

12. ErringtonJ 2003 Regulation of endospore formation in Bacillus subtilis. Nat Rev Microbiol 1 117 126

13. DubnauDLovettCMJr 2002 Transformation and Recombination. HochJALosickRSonensheinAL  Bacillus subtilis and Its Relatives: From Genes to Cells Washington, DC  American Society for Microbiology 453 471

14. LopezDVlamakisHKolterR 2010 Biofilms. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2 a000398

15. ChaiYChuFKolterRLosickR 2008 Bistability and biofilm formation in Bacillus subtilis. Mol Microbiol 67 254 263

16. Haseltine-CahnFFoxMS 1968 Fractionation of transformable bacteria from competent cultures of Bacillus subtilis on renografin gradients. J Bacteriol 95 867 875

17. HaddenCNesterEW 1968 Purification of competent cells in the Bacillus subtilis transformation system. J Bacteriol 95 876 885

18. van SinderenDVenemaG 1994 comK acts as an autoregulatory control switch in the signal transduction route to competence in Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol 176 5762 5770

19. SmitsWKEschevinsCCSusannaKABronSKuipersOP 2005 Stripping Bacillus: ComK auto-stimulation is responsible for the bistable response in competence development. Mol Microbiol 56 604 614

20. MaamarHDubnauD 2005 Bistability in the Bacillus subtilis K-state (competence) system requires a positive feedback loop. Mol Microbiol 56 615 624

21. LeisnerMStinglKFreyEMaierB 2008 Stochastic switching to competence. Curr Opin Microbiol 11 553 559

22. LeisnerMKuhrJ-TRadlerJOFreyEMaierB 2009 Kinetics of genetic switching into the state of bacterial competence. Biophys J 96 1178 1188

23. MirouzeNPrepiakPDubnauD 2011 Fluctuations in spo0A transcription control rare developmental transitions in Bacillus subtilis. PLoS Genet 7 e1002048

24. AlbanoMHahnJDubnauD 1987 Expression of competence genes in Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol 169 3110 3117

25. BurbulysDTrachKAHochJA 1991 Initiation of sporulation in B. subtilis is controlled by a multicomponent phosphorelay. Cell 64 545 552

26. HoaTTTortosaPAlbanoMDubnauD 2002 Rok (YkuW) regulates genetic competence in Bacillus subtilis by directly repressing comK. Mol Microbiol 43 15 26

27. HamoenLWVan WerkhovenAFBijlsmaJJEDubnauDVenemaG 1998 The competence transcription factor of Bacillus subtilis recognizes short A/T-rich sequences arranged in a unique, flexible pattern along the DNA helix. Genes Dev 12 1539 1550

28. SmitsWKHoaTTHamoenLWKuipersOPDubnauD 2007 Antirepression as a second mechanism of transcriptional activation by a minor groove binding protein. Mol Microbiol 64 368 381

29. SmitsWKGrossmanAD 2010 The transcriptional regulator Rok binds A+T-rich DNA and is involved in repression of a mobile genetic element in Bacillus subtilis. PLoS Genet 6 e1001207

30. MolleVFujitaMJensenSTEichenbergerPGonzalez-PastorJE 2003 The Spo0A regulon of Bacillus subtilis. Mol Microbiol 50 1683 1701

31. ChaiYNormanTKolterRLosickR 2011 Evidence that metabolism and chromosome copy number control mutually exclusive cell fates in Bacillus subtilis. Embo J 30 1402 1413

32. SerrorPSonensheinAL 1996 CodY is required for nutritional repression of Bacillus subtilis genetic competence. J Bacteriol 178 5910 5915

33. HaijemaBJHahnJHaynesJDubnauD 2001 A ComGA-dependent checkpoint limits growth during the escape from competence. Mol Microbiol 40 52 64

34. Gonzalez-PastorJEHobbsECLosickR 2003 Cannibalism by sporulating bacteria. Science 301 510 513

35. FujitaMGonzalez-PastorJELosickR 2005 High -⁠ and low-threshold genes in the Spo0A regulon of Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol 187 1357 1368

36. ElowitzMBLevineAJSiggiaEDSwainPS 2002 Stochastic gene expression in a single cell. Science 297 1183 1186

37. TaniguchiYChoiPJLiGWChenHBabuM 2010 Quantifying E. coli proteome and transcriptome with single-molecule sensitivity in single cells. Science 329 533 538

38. ChastanetAVitkupDYuanGCNormanTMLiuJS 2010 Broadly heterogeneous activation of the master regulator for sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107 8486 8491

39. GillespieD 1977 Exact stochastic simulation of coupled chemical reactions. J Phys Chem 81 2340 2361

40. BanseAVChastanetARahn-LeeLHobbsECLosickR 2008 Parallel pathways of repression and antirepression governing the transition to stationary phase in Bacillus subtilis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105 15547 15552

41. MuchovaKLewisRJPereckoDBranniganJALaddsJC 2004 Dimer-induced signal propagation in Spo0A. Mol Microbiol 53 829 842

42. PrepiakPDefrancescoMSpadavecchiaSMirouzeNAlbanoM 2011 MecA dampens transitions to spore, biofilm exopolysaccharide and competence expression by two different mechanisms. Mol Microbiol 80 1014 1030

43. BucklerDRStockAM 2000 Synthesis of [(32)P]phosphoramidate for use as a low molecular weight phosphodonor reagent. Anal Biochem 283 222 227

Štítky
Genetika Reprodukčná medicína
Článek Comprehensive Research Synopsis and Systematic Meta-Analyses in Parkinson's Disease Genetics: The PDGene Database
Článek Genomic Analysis of the Hydrocarbon-Producing, Cellulolytic, Endophytic Fungus
Článek Networks of Neuronal Genes Affected by Common and Rare Variants in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Článek Akirin Links Twist-Regulated Transcription with the Brahma Chromatin Remodeling Complex during Embryogenesis
Článek Too Much Cleavage of Cyclin E Promotes Breast Tumorigenesis
Článek Imprinted Genes … and the Number Is?
Článek Genetic Architecture of Highly Complex Chemical Resistance Traits across Four Yeast Strains
Článek Exploring the Complexity of the HIV-1 Fitness Landscape
Článek MNS1 Is Essential for Spermiogenesis and Motile Ciliary Functions in Mice
Článek A Fundamental Regulatory Mechanism Operating through OmpR and DNA Topology Controls Expression of Pathogenicity Islands SPI-1 and SPI-2
Článek Evidence for Positive Selection on a Number of MicroRNA Regulatory Interactions during Recent Human Evolution
Článek Variation in Modifies Risk of Neonatal Intestinal Obstruction in Cystic Fibrosis
Článek PIF4–Mediated Activation of Expression Integrates Temperature into the Auxin Pathway in Regulating Hypocotyl Growth
Článek Critical Evaluation of Imprinted Gene Expression by RNA–Seq: A New Perspective
Článek A Meta-Analysis and Genome-Wide Association Study of Platelet Count and Mean Platelet Volume in African Americans
Článek Mouse Genetics Suggests Cell-Context Dependency for Myc-Regulated Metabolic Enzymes during Tumorigenesis
Článek Transcriptional Control in Cardiac Progenitors: Tbx1 Interacts with the BAF Chromatin Remodeling Complex and Regulates
Článek Synthetic Lethality of Cohesins with PARPs and Replication Fork Mediators
Článek APOBEC3G-Induced Hypermutation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Is Typically a Discrete “All or Nothing” Phenomenon
Článek Interpreting Meta-Analyses of Genome-Wide Association Studies
Článek Error-Prone ZW Pairing and No Evidence for Meiotic Sex Chromosome Inactivation in the Chicken Germ Line
Článek -Dependent Chemosensory Functions Contribute to Courtship Behavior in
Článek Diverse Forms of Splicing Are Part of an Evolving Autoregulatory Circuit
Článek Phenotypic Plasticity of the Drosophila Transcriptome
Článek Physiological Notch Signaling Maintains Bone Homeostasis via RBPjk and Hey Upstream of NFATc1
Článek Precocious Metamorphosis in the Juvenile Hormone–Deficient Mutant of the Silkworm,
Článek Igf1r Signaling Is Indispensable for Preimplantation Development and Is Activated via a Novel Function of E-cadherin
Článek Accurate Prediction of Inducible Transcription Factor Binding Intensities In Vivo
Článek Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress Alters a Pathway in Strongly Resembling That of Bile Acid Biosynthesis and Secretion in Vertebrates
Článek Mammalian Neurogenesis Requires Treacle-Plk1 for Precise Control of Spindle Orientation, Mitotic Progression, and Maintenance of Neural Progenitor Cells
Článek Tcf7 Is an Important Regulator of the Switch of Self-Renewal and Differentiation in a Multipotential Hematopoietic Cell Line
Článek REST–Mediated Recruitment of Polycomb Repressor Complexes in Mammalian Cells
Článek Intronic -Regulatory Modules Mediate Tissue-Specific and Microbial Control of / Transcription
Článek Age-Dependent Brain Gene Expression and Copy Number Anomalies in Autism Suggest Distinct Pathological Processes at Young Versus Mature Ages
Článek A Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Variants Underlying the Shade Avoidance Response
Článek -by- Regulatory Divergence Causes the Asymmetric Lethal Effects of an Ancestral Hybrid Incompatibility Gene
Článek Genome-Wide Association and Functional Follow-Up Reveals New Loci for Kidney Function
Článek A Natural System of Chromosome Transfer in
Článek Cell Size and the Initiation of DNA Replication in Bacteria
Článek Probing the Informational and Regulatory Plasticity of a Transcription Factor DNA–Binding Domain
Článek Repression of Germline RNAi Pathways in Somatic Cells by Retinoblastoma Pathway Chromatin Complexes
Článek Temporal Transcriptional Profiling of Somatic and Germ Cells Reveals Biased Lineage Priming of Sexual Fate in the Fetal Mouse Gonad
Článek Rapid Analysis of Genome Rearrangements by Multiplex Ligation–Dependent Probe Amplification
Článek Metabolic Profiling of a Mapping Population Exposes New Insights in the Regulation of Seed Metabolism and Seed, Fruit, and Plant Relations
Článek The Atypical Calpains: Evolutionary Analyses and Roles in Cellular Degeneration
Článek The Silkworm Coming of Age—Early
Článek Development of a Panel of Genome-Wide Ancestry Informative Markers to Study Admixture Throughout the Americas
Článek Balanced Codon Usage Optimizes Eukaryotic Translational Efficiency
Článek The Min System and Nucleoid Occlusion Are Not Required for Identifying the Division Site in but Ensure Its Efficient Utilization
Článek Neurobeachin, a Regulator of Synaptic Protein Targeting, Is Associated with Body Fat Mass and Feeding Behavior in Mice and Body-Mass Index in Humans
Článek Statistical Analysis of Readthrough Levels for Nonsense Mutations in Mammalian Cells Reveals a Major Determinant of Response to Gentamicin
Článek Gene Reactivation by 5-Aza-2′-Deoxycytidine–Induced Demethylation Requires SRCAP–Mediated H2A.Z Insertion to Establish Nucleosome Depleted Regions
Článek The miR-35-41 Family of MicroRNAs Regulates RNAi Sensitivity in
Článek Genetic Basis of Hidden Phenotypic Variation Revealed by Increased Translational Readthrough in Yeast
Článek An Alu Element–Associated Hypermethylation Variant of the Gene Is Associated with Childhood Obesity
Článek Modelling Human Regulatory Variation in Mouse: Finding the Function in Genome-Wide Association Studies and Whole-Genome Sequencing
Článek Novel Loci for Adiponectin Levels and Their Influence on Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Traits: A Multi-Ethnic Meta-Analysis of 45,891 Individuals
Článek Polycomb-Like 3 Promotes Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 Binding to CpG Islands and Embryonic Stem Cell Self-Renewal
Článek Insulin/IGF-1 and Hypoxia Signaling Act in Concert to Regulate Iron Homeostasis in
Článek EMF1 and PRC2 Cooperate to Repress Key Regulators of Arabidopsis Development
Článek Three Essential Ribonucleases—RNase Y, J1, and III—Control the Abundance of a Majority of mRNAs
Článek Contrasted Patterns of Molecular Evolution in Dominant and Recessive Self-Incompatibility Haplotypes in
Článek A Machine Learning Approach for Identifying Novel Cell Type–Specific Transcriptional Regulators of Myogenesis
Článek Genomic Tools for Evolution and Conservation in the Chimpanzee: Is a Genetically Distinct Population
Článek Nos2 Inactivation Promotes the Development of Medulloblastoma in Mice by Deregulation of Gap43–Dependent Granule Cell Precursor Migration
Článek Intracranial Aneurysm Risk Locus 5q23.2 Is Associated with Elevated Systolic Blood Pressure
Článek Heritability and Genetic Correlations Explained by Common SNPs for Metabolic Syndrome Traits
Článek A Genome-Wide Association Study of Nephrolithiasis in the Japanese Population Identifies Novel Susceptible Loci at 5q35.3, 7p14.3, and 13q14.1
Článek DNA Damage in Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome Cells Leads to PARP Hyperactivation and Increased Oxidative Stress
Článek DNA Resection at Chromosome Breaks Promotes Genome Stability by Constraining Non-Allelic Homologous Recombination
Článek Genetic Analysis of Floral Symmetry in Van Gogh's Sunflowers Reveals Independent Recruitment of Genes in the Asteraceae
Článek A Splice Site Variant in the Bovine Gene Compromises Growth and Regulation of the Inflammatory Response
Článek Promoter Nucleosome Organization Shapes the Evolution of Gene Expression
Článek The Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase Gene Acts as Quantitative Trait Locus Promoting Non-Mendelian Inheritance
Článek The Ciliogenic Transcription Factor RFX3 Regulates Early Midline Distribution of Guidepost Neurons Required for Corpus Callosum Development
Článek Phosphorylation of the RNA–Binding Protein HOW by MAPK/ERK Enhances Its Dimerization and Activity
Článek A Genome-Wide Scan of Ashkenazi Jewish Crohn's Disease Suggests Novel Susceptibility Loci
Článek Parkinson's Disease–Associated Kinase PINK1 Regulates Miro Protein Level and Axonal Transport of Mitochondria
Článek LMW-E/CDK2 Deregulates Acinar Morphogenesis, Induces Tumorigenesis, and Associates with the Activated b-Raf-ERK1/2-mTOR Pathway in Breast Cancer Patients
Článek Mapping the Hsp90 Genetic Interaction Network in Reveals Environmental Contingency and Rewired Circuitry
Článek Autoregulation of the Noncoding RNA Gene
Článek The Human Pancreatic Islet Transcriptome: Expression of Candidate Genes for Type 1 Diabetes and the Impact of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines
Článek Antagonistic Regulation of Apoptosis and Differentiation by the Cut Transcription Factor Represents a Tumor-Suppressing Mechanism in
Článek A Downstream CpG Island Controls Transcript Initiation and Elongation and the Methylation State of the Imprinted Macro ncRNA Promoter
Článok vyšiel v časopise

PLOS Genetics

2012 Číslo 3
Najčítanejšie tento týždeň
Najčítanejšie v tomto čísle
Kurzy

Zvýšte si kvalifikáciu online z pohodlia domova

nový kurz
Autori: doc. MUDr. David Zemánek, Ph.D., MUDr. Anna Chaloupka, Ph.D.
Všetky kurzy
Prihlásenie
Zabudnuté heslo

Zadajte e-mailovú adresu, s ktorou ste vytvárali účet. Budú Vám na ňu zasielané informácie k nastaveniu nového hesla.

Prihlásenie

Nemáte účet?  Registrujte sa

#ADS_BOTTOM_SCRIPTS#