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Adipose Tissue Is a Neglected Viral Reservoir and an Inflammatory Site during Chronic HIV and SIV Infection


Chronic immune activation/inflammation and viral persistence in reservoirs are important features of chronic HIV infection—even in patients receiving ART. We sought to evaluate the involvement of adipose tissue in chronic HIV/SIV infections. Adipose tissue accounts for 15 to 20% of the body weight, contains both adipocytes and (within the stromal vascular fraction) immune cells, and exerts crucial metabolic and immune activities. We postulated that adipose tissue might provide an ideal environment for HIV persistence and immune inflammation. We first showed that viremic SIV-infected macaques had elevated levels of immune activation and inflammation in adipose tissue, and that both resident CD4+ T cells and macrophages were infected. In similar experiments in ART-controlled HIV-infected patients, HIV DNA was detected in the stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue (more specifically, in adipose tissue CD4+ T cells). Replication-competent HIV was detected in ex vivo- activated, sorted adipose tissue CD4+ T cells from six aviremic, ART-treated patients. Thus, adipose tissue may constitute a viral reservoir and be involved in long-term immune activation and inflammation—even in ART-suppressed patients. Given that adipose tissue is strongly regulated by both metabolic and immune pathways, modulating adipose tissue may constitute a valuable means of limiting both viral persistence and chronic inflammation in HIV-infected patients even ART-controlled.


Vyšlo v časopise: Adipose Tissue Is a Neglected Viral Reservoir and an Inflammatory Site during Chronic HIV and SIV Infection. PLoS Pathog 11(9): e32767. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005153
Kategorie: Research Article
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005153

Souhrn

Chronic immune activation/inflammation and viral persistence in reservoirs are important features of chronic HIV infection—even in patients receiving ART. We sought to evaluate the involvement of adipose tissue in chronic HIV/SIV infections. Adipose tissue accounts for 15 to 20% of the body weight, contains both adipocytes and (within the stromal vascular fraction) immune cells, and exerts crucial metabolic and immune activities. We postulated that adipose tissue might provide an ideal environment for HIV persistence and immune inflammation. We first showed that viremic SIV-infected macaques had elevated levels of immune activation and inflammation in adipose tissue, and that both resident CD4+ T cells and macrophages were infected. In similar experiments in ART-controlled HIV-infected patients, HIV DNA was detected in the stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue (more specifically, in adipose tissue CD4+ T cells). Replication-competent HIV was detected in ex vivo- activated, sorted adipose tissue CD4+ T cells from six aviremic, ART-treated patients. Thus, adipose tissue may constitute a viral reservoir and be involved in long-term immune activation and inflammation—even in ART-suppressed patients. Given that adipose tissue is strongly regulated by both metabolic and immune pathways, modulating adipose tissue may constitute a valuable means of limiting both viral persistence and chronic inflammation in HIV-infected patients even ART-controlled.


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