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Advancing Medical Professionalism in US Military Detainee Treatment


Leonard Rubenstein and colleagues argue that professional associations should ensure that military rules do not require health professionals to choose between service to their country and ethical practice.


Vyšlo v časopise: Advancing Medical Professionalism in US Military Detainee Treatment. PLoS Med 13(1): e32767. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001930
Kategorie: Essay
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001930

Souhrn

Leonard Rubenstein and colleagues argue that professional associations should ensure that military rules do not require health professionals to choose between service to their country and ethical practice.


Zdroje

1. Defense Health Board. Ethical guidelines and practices for U.S. military medical professionals. Falls Church, VA: Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense, Health Affairs; 2015. http://www.health.mil/About-MHS/Other-MHS-Organizations/Defense-Health-Board/Reports. Accessed June 4, 2015.

2. American Medical Association Principles of Medical Ethics. Chicago, IL: The Association; Rev. 2001. http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/physician-resources/medical-ethics/code-medical-ethics/principles-medical-ethics.page. Accessed August 24, 2015.

3. American Psychological Association. Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct. Washington, DC: The Association; Rev. 2010. http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/ Accessed August 24, 2015.

4. American Nurses Association. Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretative Statements. Silver Spring, MD: The Association; 2015. http://www.nursingworld.org/DocumentVault/Ethics_1/Code-of-Ethics-for-Nurses.html. Accessed August 24, 2015.

5. World Medical Association, International Code of Medical Ethics. Geneva: The Association; Rev. 2006. http://www.wma.net/en/30publications/10policies/c8/ Accessed August 24, 2015.

6. Institute on Medicine as a Profession. Ethics abandoned: medical professionalism and detainee abuse in the war on terror. New York: The Institute; 2013. http://imapny.org/wp-content/themes/imapny/File%20Library/Documents/IMAP-EthicsTextFinal2.pdf. Accessed June 4, 2015

7. Zagorin A. Inside the interrogation of detainee 063. Time. 2005 June 20. http://time.com/3624326/inside-the-interrogation-of-detainee-063/ Accessed August 25, 2015.

8. United States Senate, Committee on Armed Services. Inquiry into the treatment of detainees in U.S. custody, 110th Cong., 2nd Sess. Washington, DC: The Committee; 2008. http://www.armed-services.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Detainee-Report-Final_April-22-2009.pdf. Accessed August 25, 2015.

9. Secret ORCON, Interrogation log detainee 063. Undated. http://content.time.com/time/2006/log/log.pdf. Accessed August 25, 2015.

10. Senate Select Committee on Intelligence. Executive Summary, Committee study of the Central Intelligence Agency's detention and interrogation program. Washington, DC: The Committee; 2014. http://www.feinstein.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/files/serve?File_id=7c85429a-ec38-4bb5-968f-289799bf6d0e&SK=D500C4EBC500E1D256BA519211895909. Accessed May 2, 2015.

11. U.S. Department of Defense, Instruction 2310.08E, Medical program support for detainee operations; 2006, http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/231008p.pdf. Accessed August 24, 2015.

12. DoD Directive 3115.09, Intelligence interrogations, DoD debriefings, and tactical questioning; Rev. 2013. http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/311509p.pdf. Accessed August 24, 2015.

13. OTSG/MEDCOM Policy Memo 06–029, US Army behavioral science consultation to detention operations, intelligence interrogations, detainee debriefing, and tactical Questioning; 2006 p. 10. http://www.nejm.org/doi/suppl/10.1056/NEJMp0806689/suppl_file/nejm_marks_1090sa1.pdf. Accessed August 24, 2015.

14. Central Intelligence Agency, Office of Medical Services, OMS guidelines on medical and psychological support for detainee rendition, interrogation and detention, Washington, DC: The Agency; May 2004. https://www.aclu.org/sites/default/files/torturefoia/released/103009/cia-olc/2.pdf. Accessed August 24, 2015.

15. Rubenstein LS. Physicians and psychologists as enablers of torture. In: Levy BS and Sidel VW, editors. Terrorism and public health. New York: Oxford University Press; 2012. p. 284–302

16. Joint Task Force Guantanamo Bay. Cuba, Standard Operating Procedure: Medical management of detainees on hunger strike. SOP NO: JTF-JMG-#001; 2013. http://www.aljazeera.com/humanrights/2013/05/201358152317954140.html. Accessed August 25, 2015.

17. World Medical Association, Declaration of Malta. Geneva: The Association; Rev. 2006. http://www.wma.net/en/30publications/10policies/h31/. Accessed August 24, 2015.

18. Annas GJ, Crosby SS, Glantz LH. Guantanamo Bay: An ethics-free zone? N Engl J Med 2013 Jul 11;369(2): 101–3.

19. American Medical Association, Ethics Opinion 2.068. Chicago, IL: The Association; 2006. Available. http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/physician-resources/medical-ethics/code-medical-ethics/opinion2068.page?. Accessed August 25, 2015.

20. World Medical Association. Declaration of Tokyo: Guidelines for physicians concerning torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment in relation to detention and imprisonment. Geneva: The Association; Rev. 2006. http://www.wma.net/en/30publications/10policies/c18/. Accessed August 25, 2015.

21. American Psychological Association. Report of the American Psychological Association Presidential Task Force on psychological ethics and national security. Washington, DC: The Association; 2005. https://www.apa.org/pubs/info/reports/pens.pdf. Accessed November 9, 2015.

22. Sidley Austin LLP. Report to the special committee of the board of directors of the American Psychological Association: Independent review relating to APA ethics guidelines, national security interrogations, and torture. Chicago: IL; Sidley Austin LLP; 2015. http://www.apa.org/independent-review/APA-FINAL-Report-7.2.15.pdf. Accessed August 26, 2015.

23. American Medical Association. Letter from Jeremy Lazarus, President, American Medical Association, to Chuck Hagel, Secretary of Defense, Chicago, IL: The Association; April 24, 2013. https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/694196-hunger-strikers-letter-04-25-13.html. Accessed August 26, 2015.

24. Physicians for Human Rights and University of Cape Town Health Sciences Faculty. Dual loyalty and human rights in health professional practice: Proposed guidelines and institutional mechanisms. Boston, MA: Physicians for Human Rights; 2002. https://s3.amazonaws.com/PHR_Reports/dualloyalties-2002-report.pdf. Accessed August 25, 2015.

25. Rosenberg C. Navy nurse who refused to force-fed at Guantanamo keeps his job. Miami Herald. 2015 May 13. http://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/americas/guantanamo/article20817624.html. Accessed August 26, 2015.

26. American Psychological Association. Resolution to amend the 2006 and 2013 Council resolutions to clarify the roles of psychologists related to interrogation and detainee welfare in national security settings, to further implement the 2008 petition resolution, and to safeguard against acts of torture and cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment in all settings. Washington: The Association; 2015. http://www.apa.org/independent-review/psychologists-interrogation.pdf. Accessed August 26, 2015.

27. American Nurses Association. Statement of ANA President Pamela F. Cipriano, PhD, RN, NEA-BC, FAAN, On Navy nurse force-feeding Decision. Silver Spring, MD: The Association; May 13, 2015. http://www.nursingworld.org/FunctionalMenuCategories/MediaResources/PressReleases/2015-NR/ANA-President-Cipriano-On-Navy-Nurse-Force-Feeding-Decision.html. Accessed August 26, 2015.

28. Society of General Internal Medicine. Letter from Marshall Chin, President, Society of General Internal Medicine, to Hon. Ashton Carter, Secretary of Defense. Alexandria, VA: The Association; August 21, 2015. http://www.sgim.org/File%20Library/SGIM/Communities/Advocacy/Legislative%20Endorsements/SGIM-Letter-to-Secretary-of-Defense.pdf. Accessed August 31, 2015.

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