Swallowing Disorders in the Elderly in Post-Acute Care

České info

Poruchy polykání u seniorů v následné péči

Příspěvek představuje výsledky kvantitativního výzkumu, jehož cílem bylo zjistit, jaké základní diagnózy se pojí s poruchami polykání u seniorů v následné péči. Dílčím cílem bylo zjistit, zda seniorští pacienti přicházejí na lůžka následné péče s již diagnostikovanou dysfagií. Výzkumný soubor tvořilo 168 pacientů ve věku 65 let a více s diagnózou dysfagie, hospitalizovaných na lůžkách následné péče. Hlavními diagnózami seniorů na následné péči spojenými se vznikem dysfagie byly cévní mozkové příhody, neurodegenerativní onemocnění a celkové zhoršení stavu a ztráta soběstačnosti při dekompenzaci jiných základních onemocnění. Bylo zjištěno, že většina pacientů přichází na lůžka následné péče bez stanovené diagnózy dysfagie, přestože vykazuje dysfagické obtíže. Pacienti s těžším stupněm dysfagie byli častěji vyšetřeni a diagnostikováni pro dysfagii již na oddělení akutní péče.

Klíčová slova:

Dysfagie, senior, geriatrický pacient, následná péče, klinický logoped, polymorbidita

Authors: PhDr. Ing. Horynová Jana, Ph.D. ^1,2; doc. PaedDr. Klenková Jiřina, Ph.D. ²
Authors‘ workplace: General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine of Charles University in Prague, Department of Rehabilitation, Albertov 7 ¹; Faculty of Education of Charles University in Prague, Department of Special Education ²; In contemporary scientific literature, the threshold for old age is most frequently set at 65 years (Vágnerová & Topinková, 2020a, Kalvach et al., 2008). This definition is also, supported by the American Geriatrics Society. ³; Neurodegenerative diseases ⁴; Magdalény Rettigové , 11639 Prague 1, Czech Republic. ⁴; Prague 2, Czech Republic, E-mail: jana. horynova@vfn. cz. ¹²⁸⁰⁰
Published in: Listy klinické logopedie 2025; 9(2): 64-73
doi: https://doi.org/10.36833/lkl.2025.029

Overview

This paper presents the results of a quantitative research study aimed at identifying the primary diagnoses associated with swallowing disorders in elderly patients in post-acute care. A secondary objective was to determine whether elderly patients are admitted to post-acute care units with a pre-existing diagnosis of dysphagia. The study population consisted of 168 patients aged 65 years and older who were diagnosed with dysphagia during hospitalization in post-acute care.

The main diagnoses associated with the development of dysphagia in elderly patients in post-acute care were stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, and general decline with loss of independence, often accompanied by decompensation of other underlying conditions. We found that most patients were admitted to post-acute care units without a diagnosis of dysphagia, despite already exhibiting swallowing difficulties. Patients with more severe dysphagia were more likely to have been examined and diagnosed in the acute care unit.

Keywords:

dysphagia, elderly, geriatric patients, post-acute care, clinical speech and language pathologist, polymorbidity

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