Will 10 Million People Die a Year due to Antimicrobial Resistance by 2050?

1. O'Neill J. Review on Antimicrobial Resistance Antimicrobial Resistance: Tackling a crisis for the health and wealth of nations. London: Review on Antimicrobial Resistance. 2014. Available from: https://amr-review.org/sites/default/files/AMR%20Review%20Paper%20-%20Tackling%20a%20crisis%20for%20the%20health%20and%20wealth%20of%20nations_1.pdf

2. De Kraker MEA, Davey PG, Grundmann H. Mortality and Hospital Stay Associated with Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli Bacteremia: Estimating the Burden of Antibiotic Resistance in Europe. PLoS Med. 2011; 8: e1001104. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001104 22022233

3. Stewardson AJ, Allignol A, Beyersmann J, Graves N, Schumacher M, et al. The health and economic burden of bloodstream infections caused by antimicrobial-susceptible and non-susceptible Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus aureus in European hospitals, 2010 and 2011: a multicentre retrospective cohort study. Eurosurveillance. 2016; 21: pii = 30319.

4. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and European Medicines Agency (EMEA) Joint Working Group. ECDC/ EMEA Joint Technical Report: The bacterial challenge: Time to react. Stockholm: ECDC. 2009. Available from: http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/0909_TER_The_Bacterial_Challenge_Time_to_React.pdf

5. KPMG LLP. The global economic impact of anti-microbial resistance. London: KPMG LLP UK, research commissioned by the Wellcome Trust, as part of an independent review into anti-microbial resistance supported by the Department of Health and the Wellcome Trust. 2014. Available from: https://home.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmg/pdf/2014/12/amr-report-final.pdf

6. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance in Europe 2014. Annual report of the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net). Stockholm: ECDC. 2015. Available from: http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/publications/antimicrobial-resistance-europe-2014.pdf

7. The Brooklyn Antibiotic Task Force. The cost of antibiotic resistance: effect of resistance among Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudmonas aeruginosa on length of hospital stay. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2002; 23 : 106–108. doi: 10.1086/502018 11893146

8. Gavalda L, Masuet C, Beltran J, Garcia M, Garcia D, et al. Comparative cost of selective screening to prevent transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), compared with the attributable costs of MRSA infection. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2006; 27 : 1264–1266. doi: 10.1086/507968 17080390

9. Samore M, Harbarth S. A methodologically focused review of the literature in hospital epidemiology and infection control. Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control by Mayhall CG. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2004. pp. 1659–1702.

10. Schumacher M, Allignol A, Beyersmann J, Binder N, Wolkewitz M. Hospital-acquired infections—appropriate statistical treatment is urgently needed! Int J Epidemiol. 2013; 42 : 1502–1508. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyt111 24038717

11. Gaieski DF, Edwards JM, Kallan MJ, Carr BG. Benchmarking the incidence and mortality of severe sepsis in the United States. Crit Care Med. 2013; 41 : 1167–1174. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31827c09f8 23442987

12. Kaukonen KM, Bailey M, Suzuki S, Pilcher D, Bellomo R. Mortality related to severe sepsis and septic shock among critically ill patients in Australia and New Zealand, 2000–2012. JAMA. 2014; 311 : 1308–1316. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.2637 24638143