The Haunting of Medical Journals: How Ghostwriting Sold “HRT”

1. Fugh-BermanA

ScialliAR

2006 Gynecologists and estrogen: an affair of the heart. Perspect Biol Med 49 115 130

2. HulleyS

GradyD

BushT

FurbergC

HerringtonD

1998 Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Research Group. JAMA 280 605 613

3. RossouwJE

AndersonGL

PrenticeRL

LaCroixAZ

KooperbergC

2002 Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 288 321 333

4. The Women's Health Initiative Steering Committee 2004 Effects of Conjugated Equine Estrogen in Postmenopausal Women With Hysterectomy: The Women's Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA 291 1701 1712

5. ShumakerSA

LegaultC

KullerL

RappSR

ThalL

2004 Conjugated equine estrogens and incidence of probable dementia and mild cognitive impairment in postmenopausal women: Women's Health Initiative Memory Study. JAMA 291 2947 2958

6. HendrixSL

CochraneBB

NygaardIE

HandaVL

BarnabeiVM

2005 Effects of estrogen with and without progestin on urinary incontinence. JAMA 293 935 948

7. PowerML

AndersonBL

SchulkinJ

2009 Attitudes of obstetrician-gynecologists toward the evidence from the Women's Health Initiative hormone therapy trials remain generally skeptical. Menopause 16 500 508

8. PowerML

BaronJ

SchulkinJ

2008 Factors associated with obstetrician-gynecologists' response to the Women's Health Initiative trial of combined hormone therapy. Med Decis Making 28 411 418

9. Fugh-BermanA

DodgsonS

2008 The ethics of publication planning in the pharmaceutical industry. Open Medicine 2 4 e33 6

10. MathesonAlastair

2008 Corporate Science and the Husbandry of Scientific and Medical Knowledge by the Pharmaceutical Industry. Biosocieties 3 355 82

11. Fugh-BermanA

2005 The corporate coauthor. J Gen Intern Med 20 546 548

12. SismondoS

2007 Ghost management: how much of the medical literature is shaped behind the scenes by the pharmaceutical industry? PLoS Med 4 e286

13. LAWT203-0000254-0000266 at LAWT203-0000255 (DesignWrite Powerpoint. Expanding Choices. 2003 Strategic Publications Plan for Women's Health Care. November 22, 2002). Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ssb37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

14. DesignWrite [Internet] Princeton, , NJ Jobson Healthcare Information LLC, c1997- 2009. Available: http://www.jmihealth.com/marketing- communication/communication/designwrite.php. Accessed 15 Aug 2009

15. DWRITE065923 (The 1997 Premarin Publication Program) [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/juc37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

16. Mittleman5022006 at 188:8–188:10, 190–91; 214; 221; 222; 223–4. May 2, 2006 [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/zkb37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

17. DWRITE019241 at DWRITE019242 (Continuing Medical Education in Women's Health Care Proposal for 2004 satellite symposia) [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/iwb37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

18. STRIS014-000675 (HOPE Trial Publication Plan Proposal Year 1 Data) [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive 2000. Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/wqc37b10. Also DWRITE066150 at DWRITE066150 and DWRITE066152 (2003 Publication Plan). Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/kic37b10. Other supporting documentation: DWRITE066162 Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/kjb37b10. Accessed 15 Feb 2010

19. DELCA031-019050 and DELCA031-019052-019068 (Endometrial Effects of Lower Doses of Conjugated Estrogens and Medroxyprogesterone Acetate); DELCA004-001404 and DELCA004-001405-001432 (Effects of Lower Doses of Conjugated Estrogens and Medroxyprogesterone Acetate on Vasomotor Symptoms and Vaginal Atrophy); DELCA032-028548 and DELCA032-028549-028569 (Effects of Lower Doses of Conjugated Estrogens and Medroxyprogesterone Acetate on Plasma Lipids and Lipoproteins, Coagulation Factors, and Carbohydrate Metabolism); MARTN010-003367 and MARTN010-003371; MARTN010-003512 and MARTN010-003513-003535 (Effects of Lower Doses of Conjugated Equine Estrogens and Medroxyprogesterone Acetate on Endometrial Bleeding) [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive c2008. Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

20. STRIS014-000675 (HOPE Trial Publication Plan Proposal Year 1 Data). Other supporting documentation: PICKJ038-000119 and PICKJ042-004545; PICKJ038- 000071 and PICKJ038-000065; STRIS014-000674. [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

21. DWRITE065950 [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/jwb37b10. (Note: on this and some of the other documents produced by DesignWrite, the date appearing on the document is inaccurate, reflecting the date the documents were copied by DesignWrite for production to Plaintiffs, not the date the document was actually created. See discussion at Mittleman5022006 at 127–132, May 2, 2006.) Accessed 21 Aug 2009

22. DWRITE065764 at DWRITE065775 [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/jrb37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

23. DWRITE066095 at DWRITE066097 [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/kgb37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

24. GRUBG001-021895-21902 at GRUBG001-021900 (Premarin/TMG 300-US Publication Plan Proposal. DesignWrite 2003) [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/sac37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

25. CONTA025-020958 [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/bec37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

26. Solomon_01262006, January 26, 2006 at 317:14–15 [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/woc37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

27. Solomon_01272006, January 27, 2006 at 397:22; 398:10 [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/wpb37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

28. DWRITE076707 (Also see DWRITE066958) [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/rib37b10 and http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/loc37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

29. BalterW

SkeltonM

SafirPO

2003 The P's and Q's of publication planning. Pharm Executive May 130 6

30. Fugh-BermanA

MelnickD

2008 Off-label promotion, on-target sales. PLoS Med 5 e210

31. CONTA023-006750 (Publication Planning and Management slideshow) [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/atb37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

32. CONTA023-007214 (Setting the Scientific Agenda slideshow) [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/atc37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

33. DESIGN052780-DESIGN052781 [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/duc37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

34. DESIGN177338 (E-mail correspondence between Karen Mittleman and Sandra Leiblum) [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/exb37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

35. DESIGN024396 [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/djb37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

36. DESIGN024724 [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/dkb37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

37. DESIGN024526 [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/djc37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

38. DWRITE066498 [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/kub37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

39. DESIGN175720 at DESIGN175721 and DESIGN175722 [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ewb37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

40. STRIS016-031138 [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/wsc37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

41. DESIGN010191-010204 at DESIGN010193 (Trimegestone –Publication and Abstract Tracking Report) [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/dfc37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

42. DWRITE065764 at DWRITE065770 (Medical Education and Communication Plan for the Premarin Product Line. Submitted by DesignWrite, Inc., Aug 12, 1996) [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/zqc37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

43. CONTA025-031623 [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/boc37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

44. DESIGN170355 (E-mail from Gerald Burr, October 11, 1999) [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/elb37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

45. DESIGN170356-170394, DESIGN170395-170418, DESIGN170419-170468, DESIGN170469-170498 and DESIGN170499-170528 [Internet]. Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

46. DWRITE068884- DWRITE06895 [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/pdf/opc37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

47. PCSAR001-000927 [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/vpc37b10. Other supporting documentation: DESIGN018080. Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/dhc37b10. DESIGN018239. Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/dic37b10. DWRITE079093 Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ruc37b10; DWRITE068320. Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/oib37b10; CONSG204-024407. Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/arc37b10 [Internet]. San Francisco: Drug Industry Document Archive. Accessed 15 Feb 2010

48. DWRITE066543 [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/lcc37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

49. DWRITE065858 at DWRITE065859 (Strategic Competitive Intelligence on the HRT Market: A source document. Speakers Bureau Meeting) [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/jtb37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

50. ThorneycroftIH

2001 Prevention of Heart Disease in Women: Is Postmenopausal Estrogen Therapy Warranted? (Point-Counterpoint) The HERS Trial Does Not Confute a Cardioprotective Effect of Hormone Therapy. Menopause Management. July/Aug; 16–28

51. MoscaL

2000 Hormone Replacement Therapy in the Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis. Current Atherosclerosis Reports 2 4 297 302

52. DWRITE066162 [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/kjb37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

53. BrincatM

BaronY

GaleaR

2005 Estrogens and the skin. Climacteric 8 2 110 123

54. BachmanG

LeiblumS

2004 The Impact of Hormones on Menopausal Sexuality: aLiterature Review. Menopause 11 1 120 130

55. EdenJ

2003 May Progestins and breast cancer. Am J Obstet Gynecol 188 5 1123 31 [This article was cited in a staff report for the U.S. Senate Committee on Finance as one of the “examples of articles that Wyeth had paid the medical communications firm, DesignWrite, to outline and draft for target authors.” U.S. Sen. Comm. on Finance, Minority Staff Report, Ghostwriting in Medical Literature at 4 & n.6 (June 24, 2010). In a letter to Wyeth cited in the staff report, U.S. Senator Charles Grassley also noted that the article did “not identify the original author.” In a judicial opinion published in late 2009, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit identified the Eden article as one of the “ghost written articles” commissioned by Wyeth. Scroggin v. Wyeth (In re: Prempro Products Liability Litigation), 586 F.3d 547, 557 (8th Cir. 2009) (“In 2000, Wyeth tapped Dr. John Eden to author ‘Breast Cancer and Progestins,’ but the true author was a technical writing company, hired to produce the manuscript for Wyeth's approval and Dr. Eden's editing.”). Earlier this year, however, the publisher of the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology informed Dr. Eden that, after conducting an investigation, it did not believe the article was ghostwritten. ]

56. CONTA025-030538 (Strategic Publications Development Meeting June 15, 2000 Meeting Recap) [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/bob37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

57. DWRITE003353 (Project Assignment Form) [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ifc37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

58. DWRITE065923 at DWRITE065927 [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/juc37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

59. CurtisM

1999 Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators: A Controversial Approach for Managing Postmenopausal Health. J Women's Health 8 3 321 33

60. DUROJ023-001712 [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ghb37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

61. CurtisMG

2001 Comparative Tolerability of First-Generation Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators in Breast Cancer Treatment and Prevention. Drug Safety 2001;24 14 1039 53

62. AnsbacherR

2001 The Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy of Different Estrogens are Not Equivalent. Am J Obstet Gynecol 184 3 255 63

63. WarrenM

2004 A Comparative Review of the Risks and Benefits of Hormone Replacement Therapy Regimens. Am J Obstet Gynecol 190 4 1141 67

64. CONSG204-015605 [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/arb37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

65. DWRITE065923 at DWRITE065931 [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/juc37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

66. Janas_010408 at 385:18–24; DWRITE001229 [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/skc37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

67. Janas_010408 at 388: 19–24, 389: 1–6, 392: 6–24 and 393: 1–16 [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/skc37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

68. DWRITE001927 and Janas_010408 at 418: 8–13 [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/hmc37b10 and http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/skc37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

69. Janas_010408 at 461: 7–21 [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/skc37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

70. DWRITE001904 and Janas_010408 at 397: 4–15 [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/hmb37b10 and http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/skc37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

71. DWRITE001894 [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/hlc37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

72. Janas_010408 at 406:14–23 [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/skc37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

73. DWRITE040906 through DWRITE040938, specifically DWRITE040932 (Exh. 91 to Janas Depos.); Janas_010408 at 471:24–472:3 and 475:3–15 [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/jgb37b10 and http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/skc37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

74. Janas_010408 at 417 and 429:9–22 (the outline is DWRITE078142, available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/rpc37b10); Janas_010408 at 432: 5–9 and DWRITE041313 [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

75. DWRITE001151 [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/hib37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

76. DWRITE001154 [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available from: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/hic37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009. Also Janas 010408 at 487:19–22. Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/skc37b10. Accessed 7 Feb 2010

77. DWRITE041522 (the Agreement with the University of Wisconsin) [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/jib37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

78. DWRITE001138, DWRITE001140, DWRITE001143, DWRITE001149, and DWRITE001134 (Letters to authors from B. Janas regarding manuscripts for the April meeting) [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

79. WarrenM

2004 A Comparative Review of the Risks and Benefits of Hormone Replacement Therapy Regimens. Am J Ob Gyn 190 4 1141 67

80. Supplement (Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy and Breast Health: A Review for Clinicians, October 2001, Supplement to Women's Health in Primary Care) [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/yub37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

81. DUROJ046-024195 [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/gxc37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

82. DUROJ046-024196 [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/gyb37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

83. Janas_010408 at 447:448 [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/skc37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

84. DWRITE078850 [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/rtb37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

85. Email communication with George Mejicano, Associate Dean for Continuing Professional Development, September 10, 2009

86. DWRITE001069 and DWRITE041522 at DWRITE041530 [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/jib37b10 and http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/hdc37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

87. DWRITE041522 at DWRITE041530, Janas_010408 at 420: 21–24 and 421: 1–12 [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/jib37b10 and http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/skc37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

88. DUROJ017-001102 at DUROJ017-001103 (Publications Planning: Proactive Media Outreach) [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available from: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/fyc37b10. Accessed 7 Feb 2010

89. DWRITE001850, Janas_010408 415: 17–24 and DWRITE001079 at DWRITE001081 [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

90. DWRITE067764 [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/mtc37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

91. DWRITE067772 [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/mxb37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

92. DWRITE067766 [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/mvb37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

93. DWRITE067767 [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/mvc37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

94. DWRITE067768 [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/mwb37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009

95. HarrisG.

Document details plan to promote costly drug [Internet]. New York Times. 2009 Sep 2. Available: http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/02/business/02drug.html. Accessed 4 Sept 2009

96. Lexapro FY04 marketing plan [Internet]. 2003 Apr 1. Available: http://www.nytimes.com/packages/pdf/politics/20090831MEDICARE/20090831_MEDICARE.pdf. Accessed 3 Sept 2009

97. PerroneM.

Glaxo used ghostwriting program to promote Paxil [Internet]. Associated Press. 2009 Aug 19. Available: http://www.sfgate.com/cgi- bin/article.cgi?f=/n/a/2009/08/19/national/w123616D16.DTL. Accessed 4 Sept 2009

98. McHenryL

2005 On the Origin of Great Ideas: Science in the Age of Big Pharma. Hastings Ctr Rep 35 6 17 19

99. McHenryL

JureidiniJ

2008 Industry-Sponsored Ghostwriting in Clinical Trial Reporting: A Case Study. Accountability in Research 15 152 167

100. McHenryL

2010 Of Sophists and Spin-Doctors: Industry-Sponsored Ghostwriting and the Crisis of Academic Medicine. Journalology 8 1 129 145

101. MundyA.

Dispensing with the Truth. 162 167 St Martins Press. New York: 2001

102. LandefeldCS

SteinmanMA

2009 The Neurontin legacy – marketing through misinformation and manipulation. NEJM 360 2 103 105

103. RossJosephS

HillKevinP

EgilmanDavidS

KrumholzHarlanM

2008 Guest Authorship and Ghostwriting in Publications Related to Rofecoxib: A Case Study of Industry Documents From Rofecoxib Litigation. JAMA 299 15 1800 1812

104. HealyDavid

CattellDinah

2003 Interface between Authorship, Industry and Science in the Domain of Therapeutics. Br J Psych 183 22 27

105. FauberJ

KissingerM.

UW linked to ghostwriting [Internet]. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. 2009 Aug 15. Available: http://www.jsonline.com/features/health/53315032.html. Accessed 18 Aug 2009

106. ArmstrongD

Wall Street Journal. Health Blog: WSJ's blog on health and the business of health [Internet]. Odd ghostwriting offer raises researcher's blood pressure New York Dow Jones & Company, Inc, c2009. 2007 Nov 21. Available: http://blogs.wsj.com/health/2007/11/21/odd-ghostwriting-offer-raises- researchers-blood-pressure/. Accessed 13 Feb 2009

107. SingerN.

Medical papers by ghostwriters pushed therapy [Internet]. New York Times. 2009 Aug 4. Available: http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/05/health/research/05ghost.html. Accessed 4 Aug 2009

108. WilsonD.

Drug maker said to pay ghostwriters for journal articles [Internet]. New York Times. 2008 Dec 12. Available: http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/12/business/13wyeth.html. Accessed 4 Aug 2009

109. CONTA025-031624 (Outline for Journal Supplement) [Internet] San Francisco Drug Industry Document Archive Available: http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/bpb37b10. Accessed 21 Aug 2009