#PAGE_PARAMS# #ADS_HEAD_SCRIPTS# #MICRODATA#

B Chromosomes Have a Functional Effect on Female Sex Determination in Lake Victoria Cichlid Fishes


The endemic cichlid fishes in Lake Victoria are a model system for speciation through adaptive radiation. Although the evolution of the sex-determination system may also play a role in speciation, little is known about the sex-determination system of Lake Victoria cichlids. To understand the evolution of the sex-determination system in these fish, we performed cytogenetic analysis in 11 cichlid species from Lake Victoria. B chromosomes, which are present in addition to standard chromosomes, were found at a high prevalence rate (85%) in these cichlids. In one species, B chromosomes were female-specific. Cross-breeding using females with and without the B chromosomes demonstrated that the presence of the B chromosomes leads to a female-biased sex ratio in this species. Although B chromosomes were believed to be selfish genetic elements with little effect on phenotype and to lack protein-coding genes, the present study provides evidence that B chromosomes have a functional effect on female sex determination. FISH analysis using a BAC clone containing B chromosome DNA suggested that the B chromosomes are derived from sex chromosomes. Determination of the nucleotide sequences of this clone (104.5 kb) revealed the presence of several protein-coding genes in the B chromosome, suggesting that B chromosomes have the potential to contain functional genes. Because some sex chromosomes in amphibians and arthropods are thought to be derived from B chromosomes, the B chromosomes in Lake Victoria cichlids may represent an evolutionary transition toward the generation of sex chromosomes.


Vyšlo v časopise: B Chromosomes Have a Functional Effect on Female Sex Determination in Lake Victoria Cichlid Fishes. PLoS Genet 7(8): e32767. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002203
Kategorie: Research Article
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1002203

Souhrn

The endemic cichlid fishes in Lake Victoria are a model system for speciation through adaptive radiation. Although the evolution of the sex-determination system may also play a role in speciation, little is known about the sex-determination system of Lake Victoria cichlids. To understand the evolution of the sex-determination system in these fish, we performed cytogenetic analysis in 11 cichlid species from Lake Victoria. B chromosomes, which are present in addition to standard chromosomes, were found at a high prevalence rate (85%) in these cichlids. In one species, B chromosomes were female-specific. Cross-breeding using females with and without the B chromosomes demonstrated that the presence of the B chromosomes leads to a female-biased sex ratio in this species. Although B chromosomes were believed to be selfish genetic elements with little effect on phenotype and to lack protein-coding genes, the present study provides evidence that B chromosomes have a functional effect on female sex determination. FISH analysis using a BAC clone containing B chromosome DNA suggested that the B chromosomes are derived from sex chromosomes. Determination of the nucleotide sequences of this clone (104.5 kb) revealed the presence of several protein-coding genes in the B chromosome, suggesting that B chromosomes have the potential to contain functional genes. Because some sex chromosomes in amphibians and arthropods are thought to be derived from B chromosomes, the B chromosomes in Lake Victoria cichlids may represent an evolutionary transition toward the generation of sex chromosomes.


Zdroje

1. KocherTD 2004 Adaptive evolution and explosive speciation: the cichlid fish model. Nat Rev Genet 5 288 298

2. TeraiYSeehausenOSasakiTTakahashiKMizoiriS 2006 Divergent selection on opsins drives incipient speciation in Lake Victoria cichlids. PLoS Biol 4 e433 doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040433

3. SeehausenOTeraiYMagalhaesISCarletonKLMrossoHD 2008 Speciation through sensory drive in cichlid fish. Nature 455 620 626

4. LandeRSeehausenOvan AlphenJJM 2001 Mechanisms of rapid sympatric speciation by sex reversal and sexual selection in cichlid fish. Genetica 112–113 435 443

5. RobertsRBSerJRKocherTD 2009 Sexual conflict resolved by invasion of a novel sex determiner in Lake Malawi cichlid fishes. Science 326 998 1001

6. SerJRRobertsRBKocherTD 2009 Multiple interacting loci control sex determination in Lake Malawi cichlid fish. Evolution 64 486 501

7. SeehausenOvan AlphenJJMLandeR 1999 Color polymorphism and sex ratio distortion in a cichlid fish as an incipient stage in sympatric speciation by sexual selection. Ecol Lett 2 367 378

8. PolettoABFerreiraIAMartinsC 2010 The B chromosomes of the African cichlid fish Haplochromis obliquidens harbour 18S rRNA gene copies. BMC Genet 11 1

9. CamachoJPM 2005 B Chromosomes. GregoryTR The Evolution of the Genome Amsterdam Elsevier Academic Rress 223 286

10. JonesRNReesH 1982 B chromosomes London Academic Press 266

11. OstergrenG 1945 Parasitic nature of extra fragment chromosomes. Bot Notiser 2 157 163

12. SeehausenOLippitschEBoutonNZwennesH 1998 Mbipi, the rock-dwelling cichlids of Lake Victoria: description of three new genera and fifteen new species (Teleostei). Ichthyol Explor Freshwaters 9 129 228

13. GreenDM 1988 Cytogenetics of the endemic New Zealand frog, Leiopelma hochstetteri: extraordinary supernumerary chromosome variation and a unique sex-chromosome system. Chromosoma 97 55 70

14. SharbelTFGreenDMHoubenA 1998 B-chromosome origin in the endemic New Zealand frog Leiopelma hochstetteri through sex chromosome devolution. Genome 41 14 22

15. CamachoJPMSharbelTFBeukeboomLW 2000 B-chromosome evolution. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 355 163 178

16. HacksteinJHPHacksteinPHochstenbachRHauschteck-JungenEBeukeboomLW 1996 Is the Y chromosome of Drosophila an evolved supernumerary chromosome? Bio Essays 18 317 323

17. NokkalaSGrozevaSKuznetsovaVMaryanska-NadachowskaA 2003 The origin of the achiasmatic XY sex chromosome system in Cacopsylla peregrina (Frst.) (Psylloidea, Homoptera). Genetica 119 327 332

18. VicenteVEMoreira-FilhoOCamachoJP 1996 Sex-ratio distortion associated with the presence of a B chromosome in Astyanax scabripinnis (Teleostei, Characidae). Cytogenet Cell Genet 74 70 75

19. WerrenJHStouthamerR 2003 PSR (paternal sex ratio) chromosomes: the ultimate selfish genetic elements. Genetica 117 85 101

20. WatanabeMKobayashiNFujiyamaAOkadaN 2003 Construction of a BAC library for Haplochromis chilotes, a cichlid fish from Lake Victoria. Genes Genet Syst 78 103 105

21. LohYEKatzLSMimsMCKocherTDYiSV 2008 Comparative analysis reveals signatures of differentiation amid genomic polymorphism in Lake Malawi cichlids. Genome Biol 9 R113

22. MiaoVPCovertSFVanEttenHD 1991 A fungal gene for antibiotic resistance on a dispensable (“B”) chromosome. Science 254 1773 1776

23. GraphodatskyASKukekovaAVYudkinDVTrifonovVAVorobievaNV 2005 The proto-oncogene C-KIT maps to canid B-chromosomes. Chromosome Res 13 113 122

24. YudkinDVTrifonovVAKukekovaAVVorobievaNVRubtsovaNV 2007 Mapping of KIT adjacent sequences on canid autosomes and B chromosomes. Cytogenet Genome Res 116 100 103

25. TeruelMCabreroJPerfecttiFCamachoJP 2010 B chromosome ancestry revealed by histone genes in the migratory locust. Chromosoma 119 217 225

26. LeeBLeeWStreelmanTCarletonKLHoweAE 2005 A second-generation genetic linkage map of Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.). Genetics 170 237 244

27. van DoornGSKirkpatrickM 2007 Turnover of sex chromosomes induced by sexual conflict. Nature 449 909 912

28. KitanoJRossJAMoriSKumeMJonesFC 2009 A role for a neo-sex chromosome in stickleback speciation. Nature 461 1079 1083

29. van der SluijsIvan DoorenTJMSeehausenOvan AlphenJJM 2008 A test of fitness consequences of hybridization in sibling species of Lake Victoria cichlid fish. J Evolution Biol 21 480 491

30. MatsudaYChapmanVM 1995 Application of fluorescence in situ hybridization in genome analysis of the mouse. Electrophoresis 16 261 272

31. MatsudaYHaradaYNNatsuume-SakaiSLeeKShiomiT 1992 Location of the mouse complement factor H gene (cfh) by FISH analysis and replication R-banding. Cytogenet Cell Genet 61 282 285

32. LevanAFredgaKSandbergAA 1964 Nomenclature for centromeric position on chromosomes. Hereditas 52 201 220

33. TaguchiTAkimaruKHiraiHHiraiYMwendaJM 2003 A probe generated by chromosome microdissection, useful for analyzing Y chromosome evolution in Old World monkeys. Chromosome Res 11 147 152

34. TaguchiTHiraiYLoVerdePTTominagaAHiraiH 2007 DNA probes for identifying chromosomes 5, 6, and 7 of Schistosoma mansoni. J Parasitol 93 724 726

35. ShirakAGrabherrMPalmaFDLindblad-TohKHulataG 2010 Identification of repetitive elements in the genome of Oreochromis niloticus: tilapia repeat masker. Mar Biotechnol 12 121 125

36. TamuraKDudleyJNeiMKumarS 2007 MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol Biol Evol 24 1596 1599

37. HinegardnerRRosenDE 1972 Cellular DNA content and the evolution of teleostean fishes. Am Nat 106 621 644

Štítky
Genetika Reprodukčná medicína

Článok vyšiel v časopise

PLOS Genetics


2011 Číslo 8
Najčítanejšie tento týždeň
Najčítanejšie v tomto čísle
Kurzy

Zvýšte si kvalifikáciu online z pohodlia domova

Získaná hemofilie - Povědomí o nemoci a její diagnostika
nový kurz

Eozinofilní granulomatóza s polyangiitidou
Autori: doc. MUDr. Martina Doubková, Ph.D.

Všetky kurzy
Prihlásenie
Zabudnuté heslo

Zadajte e-mailovú adresu, s ktorou ste vytvárali účet. Budú Vám na ňu zasielané informácie k nastaveniu nového hesla.

Prihlásenie

Nemáte účet?  Registrujte sa

#ADS_BOTTOM_SCRIPTS#