PGC‐1 isoforms and their target genes are expressed differently in human skeletal muscle following resistance and endurance exercise
The primary aim of the present study was to investigate the acute gene expression responses of PGC‐1 isoforms and PGC‐1α target genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis (cytochrome C), angiogenesis (VEGF‐A), and muscle hypertrophy (myostatin), after a resistance or endurance exercise bout. In addition, the study aimed to elucidate whether the expression changes of studied transcripts were linked to phosphorylation of AMPK and MAPK p38. Nineteen physically active men were divided into resistance exercise (RE, n = 11) and endurance exercise (EE, n = 8) groups. RE group performed leg press exercise (10 × 10 RM, 50 min) and EE walked on a treadmill (~80% HRmax, 50 min). Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle before, 30 min, and 180 min after exercise. EE and RE significantly increased the gene expression of alternative promoter originated PGC‐1α exon 1b‐ and 1bxs'‐derived isoforms, whereas the proximal promoter originated exon 1a‐derived transcripts were less inducible and were upregulated only after EE. Truncated PGC‐1α transcripts were upregulated both after EE and RE. Neither RE nor EE affected the expression of PGC‐1β. EE upregulated the expression of cytochrome C and VEGF‐A, whereas RE upregulated VEGF‐A and downregulated myostatin. Both EE and RE increased the levels of p‐AMPK and p‐MAPK p38, but these changes were not linked to the gene expression responses ofPGC‐1 isoforms. The present study comprehensively assayed PGC‐1 transcripts in human skeletal muscle and showed exercise mode‐specific responses thus improving the understanding of early signaling events in exercise‐induced muscle adaptations.
Keywords:
PGC1-1b, PGC-1a, physical activity, splice variant.
Autoři:
Mika Silvennoinen *,1; Juha P. Ahtiainen 1; Juha J. Hulmi 1; Satu Pekkala 2; Ritva S. Taipale 1; Bradley C. Nindl 3; Tanja Laine 1; Keijo Häkkinen 1; Harri Selänne 4,5; Heikki Kyröläinen 1; Heikki Kainulainen 1
Působiště autorů:
Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
1; Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
2; The Military Performance Division, The Unites States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts
3; Jyväskylä Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
4; LIKES Research Center for Sport and Health Sciences, Jyväskylä, Finland
5
Vyšlo v časopise:
Physiological Reports, 3, 2015, č. 10, s. 1-12
Kategorie:
Original Research
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk:
https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.12563
© 2015 The Authors. Physiological Reports published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Physiological Society and The Physiological Society.
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Souhrn
The primary aim of the present study was to investigate the acute gene expression responses of PGC‐1 isoforms and PGC‐1α target genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis (cytochrome C), angiogenesis (VEGF‐A), and muscle hypertrophy (myostatin), after a resistance or endurance exercise bout. In addition, the study aimed to elucidate whether the expression changes of studied transcripts were linked to phosphorylation of AMPK and MAPK p38. Nineteen physically active men were divided into resistance exercise (RE, n = 11) and endurance exercise (EE, n = 8) groups. RE group performed leg press exercise (10 × 10 RM, 50 min) and EE walked on a treadmill (~80% HRmax, 50 min). Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle before, 30 min, and 180 min after exercise. EE and RE significantly increased the gene expression of alternative promoter originated PGC‐1α exon 1b‐ and 1bxs'‐derived isoforms, whereas the proximal promoter originated exon 1a‐derived transcripts were less inducible and were upregulated only after EE. Truncated PGC‐1α transcripts were upregulated both after EE and RE. Neither RE nor EE affected the expression of PGC‐1β. EE upregulated the expression of cytochrome C and VEGF‐A, whereas RE upregulated VEGF‐A and downregulated myostatin. Both EE and RE increased the levels of p‐AMPK and p‐MAPK p38, but these changes were not linked to the gene expression responses ofPGC‐1 isoforms. The present study comprehensively assayed PGC‐1 transcripts in human skeletal muscle and showed exercise mode‐specific responses thus improving the understanding of early signaling events in exercise‐induced muscle adaptations.
Keywords:
PGC1-1b, PGC-1a, physical activity, splice variant.
Zdroje
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