Fungal Immune Evasion in a Model Host–Pathogen Interaction: Versus Macrophages

1. NeteaMG, BrownGD, KullbergBJ, GowNA (2008) An integrated model of the recognition of Candida albicans by the innate immune system. Nat Rev Microbiol 6 : 67–78.

2. Perez-GarciaLA, Diaz-JimenezDF, Lopez-EsparzaA, Mora-MontesHM (2011) Role of cell wall polysaccharides during recongition of Candida albicans by the innate immune system. J Glycobiology 1 : 102.

3. WheelerRT, FinkGR (2006) A drug-sensitive genetic network masks fungi from the immune system. PLoS Pathog 2: e35.

4. MarakalalaMJ, VautierS, PotrykusJ, WalkerLA, ShepardsonKM, et al. (2013) Differential adaptation of Candida albicans in vivo modulates immune recognition by dectin-1. PLoS Pathog 9: e1003315 doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003315

5. McLellanCA, WhitesellL, KingOD, LancasterAK, MazitschekR, et al. (2012) Inhibiting GPI anchor biosynthesis in fungi stresses the endoplasmic reticulum and enhances immunogenicity. ACS Chem Biol 7 : 1520–1528.

6. LuoS, BlomAM, RuppS, HiplerUC, HubeB, et al. (2011) The pH-regulated antigen 1 of Candida albicans binds the human complement inhibitor C4b-binding protein and mediates fungal complement evasion. J Biol Chem 286 : 8021–8029.

7. LuoS, PoltermannS, KunertA, RuppS, ZipfelPF (2009) Immune evasion of the human pathogenic yeast Candida albicans: Pra1 is a Factor H, FHL-1 and plasminogen binding surface protein. Mol Immunol 47 : 541–550.

8. CroweJD, SievwrightIK, AuldGC, MooreNR, GowNA, et al. (2003) Candida albicans binds human plasminogen: identification of eight plasminogen-binding proteins. Mol Microbiol 47 : 1637–1651.

9. GroppK, SchildL, SchindlerS, HubeB, ZipfelPF, et al. (2009) The yeast Candida albicans evades human complement attack by secretion of aspartic proteases. Mol Immunol 47 : 465–475.

10. FrohnerIE, BourgeoisC, YatsykK, MajerO, KuchlerK (2009) Candida albicans cell surface superoxide dismutases degrade host-derived reactive oxygen species to escape innate immune surveillance. Mol Microbiol 71 : 240–252.

11. UllmannBD, MyersH, ChiranandW, LazzellAL, ZhaoQ, et al. (2004) Inducible defense mechanism against nitric oxide in Candida albicans. Eukaryot Cell 3 : 715–723.

12. ColletteJR, LorenzMC (2011) Mechanisms of immune evasion in fungal pathogens. Curr Opin Microbiol 14 : 668–675.

13. AlarcoAM, RaymondM (1999) The bZip transcription factor Cap1p is involved in multidrug resistance and oxidative stress response in Candida albicans. J Bacteriol 181 : 700–708.

14. PattersonMJ, McKenzieCG, SmithDA, da Silva DantasA, SherstonS, et al. (2013) Ybp1 and Gpx3 Signaling in Candida albicans Govern Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidation of the Cap1 Transcription Factor and Macrophage Escape. Antioxid Redox Signal E-pub ahead of print. doi:10.1089/ars.2013.5199

15. ZnaidiS, BarkerKS, WeberS, AlarcoAM, LiuTT, et al. (2009) Identification of the Candida albicans Cap1p regulon. Eukaryot Cell 8 : 806–820.

16. Alonso-MongeR, Navarro-GarciaF, MoleroG, Diez-OrejasR, GustinM, et al. (1999) Role of the mitogen-activated protein kinase Hog1p in morphogenesis and virulence of Candida albicans. J Bacteriol 181 : 3058–3068.

17. WysongDR, ChristinL, SugarAM, RobbinsPW, DiamondRD (1998) Cloning and sequencing of a Candida albicans catalase gene and effects of disruption of this gene. Infect Immun 66 : 1953–1961.

18. JainC, PastorK, GonzalezAY, LorenzMC, RaoRP (2013) The role of Candida albicans AP-1 protein against host derived ROS in in vivo models of infection. Virulence 4 : 67–76.

19. Gonzalez-ParragaP, Alonso-MongeR, PlaJ, ArguellesJC (2010) Adaptive tolerance to oxidative stress and the induction of antioxidant enzymatic activities in Candida albicans are independent of the Hog1 and Cap1-mediated pathways. FEMS Yeast Res 10 : 747–756.

20. LorenzMC, BenderJA, FinkGR (2004) Transcriptional response of Candida albicans upon internalization by macrophages. Eukaryot Cell 3 : 1076–1087.

21. BarelleCJ, PriestCL, MaccallumDM, GowNA, OddsFC, et al. (2006) Niche-specific regulation of central metabolic pathways in a fungal pathogen. Cell Microbiol 8 : 961–971.

22. PiekarskaK, MolE, van den BergM, HardyG, van den BurgJ, et al. (2006) Peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation is not essential for virulence of Candida albicans. Eukaryot Cell 5 : 1847–1856.

23. RamirezMA, LorenzMC (2009) The transcription factor homolog CTF1 regulates {beta}-oxidation in Candida albicans. Eukaryot Cell 8 : 1604–1614.

24. SandaiD, YinZ, SelwayL, SteadD, WalkerJ, et al. (2012) The evolutionary rewiring of ubiquitination targets has reprogrammed the regulation of carbon assimilation in the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans. MBio 3: e00495–12.

25. EneIV, AdyaAK, WehmeierS, BrandAC, MacCallumDM, et al. (2012) Host carbon sources modulate cell wall architecture, drug resistance and virulence in a fungal pathogen. Cell Microbiol 14 : 1319–1335.

26. EneIV, ChengSC, NeteaMG, BrownAJ (2013) Growth of Candida albicans cells on the physiologically relevant carbon source lactate affects their recognition and phagocytosis by immune cells. Infect Immun 81 : 238–248.

27. VylkovaS, CarmanAJ, DanhofHA, ColletteJR, ZhouH, et al. (2011) The Fungal Pathogen Candida albicans Autoinduces Hyphal Morphogenesis by Raising Extracellular pH. MBio 2: e00055–11.

28. Jimenez-LopezC, ColletteJR, BrothersKM, ShepardsonKM, CramerRA, et al. (2013) Candida albicans induces arginine biosynthetic genes in response to host-derived reactive oxygen species. Eukaryot Cell 12 : 91–100.

29. Fernandez-ArenasE, CabezonV, BermejoC, ArroyoJ, NombelaC, et al. (2007) Integrated proteomics and genomics strategies bring new insight into Candida albicans response upon macrophage interaction. Mol Cell Proteomics 6 : 460–478.

30. BainJM, LewisLE, OkaiB, QuinnJ, GowNA, et al. (2012) Non-lytic expulsion/exocytosis of Candida albicans from macrophages. Fungal Genet Biol 49 : 677–678.

31. LoHJ, KohlerJR, DiDomenicoB, LoebenbergD, CacciapuotiA, et al. (1997) Nonfilamentous C. albicans mutants are avirulent. Cell 90 : 939–949.

32. SavilleSP, LazzellAL, MonteagudoC, Lopez-RibotJL (2003) Engineered control of cell morphology in vivo reveals distinct roles for yeast and filamentous forms of Candida albicans during infection. Eukaryot Cell 2 : 1053–1060.

33. BiswasS, Van DijckP, DattaA (2007) Environmental sensing and signal transduction pathways regulating morphopathogenic determinants of Candida albicans. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 71 : 348–376.

34. GhoshS, NavarathnaDH, RobertsDD, CooperJT, AtkinAL, et al. (2009) Arginine-induced germ tube formation in Candida albicans is essential for escape from murine macrophage line RAW 264.7. Infect Immun 77 : 1596–1605.