Non-Communicable Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Case for Cohort Studies

1. UnwinN

SetelP

RashidS

MugusiF

MbanyaJC

2001 Noncommunicable diseases in sub-Saharan Africa: where do they feature in the health research agenda? Bull World Health Organ 79 947 953

2. AbegundeDO

MathersCD

AdamT

OrtegonM

StrongK

2007 The burden and costs of chronic diseases in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet 370 1929 1938

3. MensahGA

2008 Ischaemic heart disease in Africa. Heart 94 836 843

4. ConnorMD

WalkerR

ModiG

WarlowCP

2007 Burden of stroke in black populations in sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet Neurol 6 269 278

5. 2009 International Diabetes Foundation 2009 Diabetes Atlas. Accessed Nov 25, 2009 http://www.diabetesatlas.org/map

6. ParkinDM

SitasF

ChirenjeM

SteinL

AbrattR

2008 Part I: cancer in indigenous Africans–burden, distribution, and trends. Lancet Oncol 9 683 692

7. YachD

HawkesC

GouldCL

HofmanKJ

2004 The global burden of chronic diseases: overcoming impediments to prevention and control. JAMA 291 2616 2622

8. MathersCD

LoncarD

2006 Projections of global mortality and burden of disease from 2002 to 2030. PLoS Med 3 e442 doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030442

9. PettitiD

2001 Epidemiology triumphs and stories of discovery. Accessed March 24, 2009 http://www.epimonitor.net/EpiMonday/Triumph62501.htm. In: Epimonitor.net, editor

10. ColditzGA

WinnDM

2008 Criteria for the evaluation of large cohort studies: an application to the nurses' health study. J Natl Cancer Inst 100 918 925

11. PubMed. Accessed May 14, 2009 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez. National Center for Biotechnology Information

12. World Health Statistics 2008 Accessed May 14, 2009 http://www.who.int/whosis/whostat/2008/en/index.html. World Health Organization

13. Health, United States, 2007, Table 70. Accessed May 18, 2009 http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus07.pdf#070. National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control

14. CappuccioFP

MicahFB

EmmettL

KerrySM

AntwiS

2004 Prevalence, detection, management, and control of hypertension in Ashanti, West Africa. Hypertension 43 1017 1022

15. AddoJ

SmeethL

LeonDA

2007 Hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. Hypertension 50 1012 1018

16. BarnighausenT

WelzT

HosegoodV

Batzing-FeigenbaumJ

TanserF

2008 Hiding in the shadows of the HIV epidemic: obesity and hypertension in a rural population with very high HIV prevalence in South Africa. J Hum Hypertens 22 236 239

17. CappuccioFP

KerrySM

AdeyemoA

LukeA

AmoahAG

2008 Body size and blood pressure: an analysis of Africans and the African diaspora. Epidemiology 19 38 46

18. OpieLH

SeedatYK

2005 Hypertension in sub-Saharan African populations. Circulation 112 3562 3568

19. Wolf-MaierK

CooperRS

BanegasJR

GiampaoliS

HenseHW

2003 Hypertension prevalence and blood pressure levels in 6 European countries, Canada, and the United States. JAMA 289 2363 2369

20. GuD

ReynoldsK

WuX

ChenJ

DuanX

2002 Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in china. Hypertension 40 920 927

21. GuptaR

2004 Trends in hypertension epidemiology in India. J Hum Hypertens 18 73 78

22. The Pooling Project of Prospective Studies of Diet and Cancer. Accessed March 24, 2009 http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/poolingproject/. President and Fellows of Harvard College

23. Birth to Twenty. Accessed August 21, 2008 http://web.wits.ac.za/Academic/Health/Research/BirthTo20/. Witswatersrand, South Africa: University of the Witswatersrand

24. HillAG

DarkoR

SeffahJ

AdanuRM

AnarfiJK

2007 Health of urban Ghanaian women as identified by the Women's Health Study of Accra. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 99 150 156

25. DudaRB

KimMP

DarkoR

AdanuRM

SeffahJ

2007 Results of the Women's Health Study of Accra: assessment of blood pressure in urban women. Int J Cardiol 117 115 122

26. CollinsFS

2004 The case for a US prospective cohort study of genes and environment. Nature 429 475 477

27. PotterJD

2004 Toward the last cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 13 895 897

28. INDEPTH Network. Accessed May 15, 2009. http://www.indepth-network.org/

29. 2008 Monitoring financial flows for health research 2007 - behind the global numbers. Accessed Sept. 19, 2008 http://www.globalforumhealth.org/filesupld/monitoring_financial_flows_07/GlobalForum_xMonitoringFinancial%20Flows2007.pdf. In: Burke MA, de Francisco A, Matlin S, editors: Global Forum for Health Research

30. JumaC

Yee-ChongL

2005 Innovation: applying knowledge in development. Accessed May 14 2009 http://www.unmillenniumproject.org/documents/Science-complete.pdf. In: 2005 UNMP, editor: Task Force on Science, Technology and Development, United Nations Development Programme

31. Stewart de RamirezS

2008 Prevalence and correlates of hypertension in rural East Africa Boston MA Harvard Medical School

32. de MunterJS

HuFB

SpiegelmanD

FranzM

van DamRM

2007 Whole grain, bran, and germ intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study and systematic review. PLoS Med 4 e261 doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040261

33. LussanaF

PainterRC

OckeMC

BullerHR

BossuytPM

2008 Prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine is associated with a preference for fatty foods and a more atherogenic lipid profile. Am J Clin Nutr 88 1648 1652

34. BlackRE

AllenLH

BhuttaZA

CaulfieldLE

de OnisM

2008 Maternal and child undernutrition: global and regional exposures and health consequences. Lancet 371 243 260

35. VorsterHH

KrugerA

2007 Poverty, malnutrition, underdevelopment and cardiovascular disease: a South African perspective. Cardiovasc J Afr 18 321 324

36. BourneLT

LambertEV

SteynK

2002 Where does the black population of South Africa stand on the nutrition transition? Public Health Nutr 5 157 162

37. BarkerDJ

1995 Fetal origins of coronary heart disease. BMJ 311 171 174

38. HuxleyRR

ShiellAW

LawCM

2000 The role of size at birth and postnatal catch-up growth in determining systolic blood pressure: a systematic review of the literature. J Hypertens 18 815 831

39. HuxleyR

OwenCG

WhincupPH

CookDG

ColmanS

2004 Birth weight and subsequent cholesterol levels: exploration of the “fetal origins” hypothesis. JAMA 292 2755 2764

40. HuxleyR

OwenCG

WhincupPH

CookDG

Rich-EdwardsJ

2007 Is birth weight a risk factor for ischemic heart disease in later life? Am J Clin Nutr 85 1244 1250

41. NewsomeCA

ShiellAW

FallCH

PhillipsDI

ShierR

2003 Is birth weight related to later glucose and insulin metabolism? A systematic review. Diabet Med 20 339 348

42. DasUN

2001 Is obesity an inflammatory condition? Nutrition 17 953 966

43. WilsonPW

2008 Evidence of systemic inflammation and estimation of coronary artery disease risk: a population perspective. Am J Med 121 S15 S20

44. SchottenfeldD

Beebe-DimmerJ

2006 Chronic inflammation: a common and important factor in the pathogenesis of neoplasia. CA Cancer J Clin 56 69 83

45. StonekingM

FontiusJJ

CliffordSL

SoodyallH

ArcotSS

1997 Alu insertion polymorphisms and human evolution: evidence for a larger population size in Africa. Genome Res 7 1061 1071

46. HillJO

2006 Understanding and addressing the epidemic of obesity: an energy balance perspective. Endocr Rev 27 750 761

47. Prices and earnings: a comparison of purchasing power around the globe 2003 Accessed March 24, 2009 www.ubs.com/1/ShowMedia/media_overview/media_global/mediareleases?contentId=34588&. Zurich: UBS

48. AppelLJ

MooreTJ

ObarzanekE

VollmerWM

SvetkeyLP

1997 A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. DASH Collaborative Research Group. N Engl J Med 336 1117 1124

49. Student Financial Services: Tuition and Fees from July 2008–June 2009. Accessed Jan. 5, 2009 http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/administrative-offices/student-financial-services/tuition-fees/tuition-and-fees-from-july-2008-june-2009/index.html. Harvard School of Public Health

50. Student Financial Services: Student budgeting. Accessed Jan. 5, 2009 http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/administrative-offices/student-financial-services/student-budget/. Harvard School of Public Health

51. Celebrating life: the U. S. President's emergency plan for AIDS relief: 2009 annual report to Congress highlights. Accessed May 14, 2009 http://www.pepfar.gov/documents/organization/113878.pdf. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief

52. StromS

2009 Gates group plans to give more in 2009 despite losses. The New York Times New York The New York Times Company http://www.nytimes.com/2009/2001/2027/us/2027gates.html?_r=2001&ref=us

53. WrinnJ

2006 Harvard fundraising reaches $595M in fiscal year '06. Harvard University Gazette: Harvard University. http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/2006/2009.2014/2099-fundraising.html

54. UK Biobank Limited report and financial statements for the year ended 30 September 2007. Accessed March 25, 2009 http://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/docs/Annualreport.pdf. Cheshire