Measuring hsCRP—An Important Part of a Comprehensive Risk Profile or a Clinically Redundant Practice?

1. RidkerPM

DanielsonE

FonsecaFA

GenestJ

GottoAMJr

2008 Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein. N Engl J Med 359 2195 2207

2. WoloshinS

SchwartzLM

2005 Distribution of C-reactive protein values in the United States. N Engl J Med 352 1611 1613

3. MitkaM

2003 Panel endorses limited role for CRP tests. JAMA 289 973 974

4. GrundySM

HansenB

SmithSC,Jr.

CleemanJI

KahnRA

2004 Clinical management of metabolic syndrome: report of the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Diabetes Association conference on scientific issues related to management. Circulation 109 551 556

5. BardRL

RubenfireM

EagleK

ClarkeNS

BrookRD

2005 Utility of C-reactive protein measurement in risk stratification during primary cardiovascular disease prevention. Am J Cardiol 95 1378 1379

6. RidkerPM

PaynterNP

RifaiN

GazianoJM

CookNR

2008 C-reactive protein and parental history improve global cardiovascular risk prediction: the Reynolds Risk Score for men. Circulation 118 2243 2251

7. OckeneIS

MatthewsCE

RifaiN

RidkerPM

ReedG

2001 Variability and classification accuracy of serial high-sensitivity C-reactive protein measurements in healthy adults. Clin Chem 47 444 450

8. MacyEM

HayesTE

TracyRP

1997 Variability in the measurement of C-reactive protein in healthy subjects: implications for reference intervals and epidemiological applications. Clin Chem 43 52 58

9. CampbellB

BadrickT

FlatmanR

KanowskiD

2002 Limited clinical utility of high-sensitivity plasma C-reactive protein assays. Ann Clin Biochem 39 85 88

10. FolsomAR

ChamblessLE

BallantyneCM

CoreshJ

HeissG

2006 An assessment of incremental coronary risk prediction using C-reactive protein and other novel risk markers: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Arch Intern Med 166 1368 1373

11. WangTJ

GonaP

LarsonMG

ToflerGH

LevyD

2006 Multiple biomarkers for the prediction of first major cardiovascular events and death. N Engl J Med 355 2631 2639

12. ShahT

CasasJP

CooperJA

TzoulakiI

SofatR

2009 Critical appraisal of CRP measurement for the prediction of coronary heart disease events: new data and systematic review of 31 prospective cohorts. Int J Epidemiol 38 217 231

13. 2009 Reynold's Risk Score. Available: http://www.reynoldsriskscore.org/. Accessed 30 March 2009

14. AndersonKM

OdellPM

WilsonPW

KannelWB

1991 Cardiovascular disease risk profiles. Am Heart J 121 293 298

15. ReynoldsTM

TwomeyP

WierzbickiAS

2002 Accuracy of cardiovascular risk estimation for primary prevention in patients without diabetes. J Cardiovasc Risk 9 183 190

16. CookNR

BuringJE

RidkerPM

2006 The effect of including C-reactive protein in cardiovascular risk prediction models for women. Ann Intern Med 145 21 29

17. WilsonPWF

PencinaM

JacquesP

SelhubJ

D'AgostinoRSr

2008 C-Reactive Protein and Reclassification of Cardiovascular Risk in the Framingham Heart Study. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 1 92 97

18. BaigentC

KeechA

KearneyPM

BlackwellL

BuckG

2005 Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90,056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins. Lancet 366 1267 1278

19. SeverPS

DahlofB

PoulterNR

WedelH

BeeversG

2003 Prevention of coronary and stroke events with atorvastatin in hypertensive patients who have average or lower-than-average cholesterol concentrations, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial–Lipid Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 361 1149 1158

20. 2009 Theheart.org. Available: http://www.theheart.org/editorial-program/926043.do. Accessed 30 March 2009

21. MontoriVM

DevereauxPJ

AdhikariNK

BurnsKE

EggertCH

2005 Randomized trials stopped early for benefit: a systematic review. JAMA 294 2203 2209

22. RidkerPM

DanielsonE

FonsecaFA

GenestJ

GottoAMJr

2009 Reduction in C-reactive protein and LDL cholesterol and cardiovascular event rates after initiation of rosuvastatin: a prospective study of the JUPITER trial. Lancet 373 1175 1182

23. PrasadK

2006 C-reactive protein (CRP)-lowering agents. Cardiovasc Drug Rev 24 33 50

24. SinghS

LokeYK

FurbergCD

2007 Long-term risk of cardiovascular events with rosiglitazone: a meta-analysis. JAMA 298 1189 1195

25. MonakierD

MatesM

KlutsteinMW

BalkinJA

RudenskyB

2004 Rofecoxib, a COX-2 inhibitor, lowers C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 levels in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Chest 125 1610 1615

26. BogatyP

BrophyJM

NoelM

BoyerL

SimardS

2004 Impact of prolonged cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition on inflammatory markers and endothelial function in patients with ischemic heart disease and raised C-reactive protein: a randomized placebo-controlled study. Circulation 110 934 939

27. McCormackJP

RangnoR

2002 Digging for data from the COX-2 trials. CMAJ 166 1649 1650

28. KeechA

SimesRJ

BarterP

BestJ

ScottR

2005 Effects of long-term fenofibrate therapy on cardiovascular events in 9795 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the FIELD study): randomised controlled trial. Lancet 366 1849 1861

29. 2000 Secondary prevention by raising HDL cholesterol and reducing triglycerides in patients with coronary artery disease: the Bezafibrate Infarction Prevention (BIP) study. Circulation 102 21 27

30. VivekananthanDP

PennMS

SappSK

HsuA

TopolEJ

2003 Use of antioxidant vitamins for the prevention of cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of randomised trials. Lancet 361 2017 2023

31. BjelakovicG

NikolovaD

GluudLL

SimonettiRG

GluudC

2007 Mortality in randomized trials of antioxidant supplements for primary and secondary prevention: systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 297 842 857

32. 1975 Clofibrate and niacin in coronary heart disease. JAMA 231 360 381

33. SagerPT

CapeceR

LipkaL

StronyJ

YangB

2005 Effects of ezetimibe coadministered with simvastatin on C-reactive protein in a large cohort of hypercholesterolemic patients. Atherosclerosis 179 361 367

34. KasteleinJJ

AkdimF

StroesES

ZwindermanAH

BotsML

2008 Simvastatin with or without ezetimibe in familial hypercholesterolemia. N Engl J Med 358 1431 1443

35. KearneyPM

BlackwellL

CollinsR

KeechA

SimesJ

2008 Efficacy of cholesterol-lowering therapy in 18,686 people with diabetes in 14 randomised trials of statins: a meta-analysis. Lancet 371 117 125

36. RidkerPM

RifaiN

ClearfieldM

DownsJR

WeisSE

2001 Measurement of C-reactive protein for the targeting of statin therapy in the primary prevention of acute coronary events. N Engl J Med 344 1959 1965