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Aktuálny pohľad na lipoproteín(a): diagnostika a liečba

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Current view on lipoprotein(a): diagnosis and treatment

Elevated lipoprotein(a)/Lp(a) levels occur in 20–25% of the global population, with prevalence varying across ethnic groups. Lp(a) is a lipoprotein particle consisting of a spherical part similar to an LDL particle containing apolipoprotein B-100, to which a chain of apolipoprotein(a) is bound by a covalent disulfide bond. Structurally, it is 70–85% identical to the plasminogen molecule. The clinical significance of Lp(a) lies in its atherogenic, thrombogenic, and pro-inflammatory properties, which make it an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. In this article, we focus on the investigation, risk assessment, and new treatment options for patients with high Lp(a) levels.

Keywords:

lipoprotein(a) – atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease – apolipoprotein B-100

Autori: Martin Čaprnda 1;  Matej Jantošík 1;  Peter Kromka 1,2
Pôsobisko autorov: I. interná klinika LF UK a UNB, Nemocnica Staré Mesto, Bratislava 1;  III. interná klinika LF UK a UNB, Nemocnica akad. L. Dérera, Bratislava 2
Vyšlo v časopise: AtheroRev 2026; 11(1): 33-39
Kategória: Přehledové práce

Súhrn

Zvýšené hladiny lipoproteínu(a)/Lp(a) sa vyskytujú v 20–25 % svetovej populácie a ich prevalencia sa líši v závislosti od etnických skupín. Lp(a) je lipoproteínová častica pozostávajúca zo sférickej časti podobnej LDL-častici obsahujúcej apolipoproteín B100, na ktorú je kovalentnou disulfidickou väzbou naviazaný reťazec apolipoproteínu(a). Štrukturálne sa v 70–85 % zhoduje s molekulou plazminogénu. Klinický význam Lp(a) spočíva v jeho aterogénnych, trombogénnych a prozápalových vlastnostiach, čo z neho robí nezávislý rizikový faktor aterosklerotického kardiovaskulárneho ochorenia. V článku sa zameriavame na vyšetrovanie, stanovovanie miery rizika a nové liečebné možnosti u pacientov s vysokými hladinami Lp(a).

Klíčová slova:

lipoprotein(a) – apolipoproteín B100 – aterosklerotické kardiovaskulárne ochorenie

Zdroje
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