Validity of a minimally invasive autopsy for cause of death determination in maternal deaths in Mozambique: An observational study

1. Alkema L, Chou D, Hogan D, Zhang S, Moller AB, Gemmill A, et al. Global, regional, and national levels and trends in maternal mortality between 1990 and 2015, with scenario-based projections to 2030: a systematic analysis by the UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-Agency Group. Lancet. 2016 Jan 30;387(10017):462–74. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00838-7 26584737

2. World Health Organization [Internet]. WHO Media Center: Maternal mortality fact sheet; updated November 2016 [cited September 2017]. [Internet]. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs348/en/

3. World Health Organization [Internet]. WHO countries: Mozambique—Maternal mortality in 1990–2015 [cited September 2017]. [Internet]. Available from: http://www.who.int/gho/maternal_health/countries/moz.pdf

4. United Nations. UN.Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Resolution adopated by the General Assambly by September 25, 2015. New York [Internet]. 2015. Available from: http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/70/1&Lang=E

5. Castillo P, Martinez MJ, Ussene E, Jordao D, Lovane L, Ismail MR, et al. Validity of a Minimally Invasive Autopsy for Cause of Death Determination in Adults in Mozambique: An Observational Study. PLoS Med. 2016 Nov 22;13(11):e1002171. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002171 27875530

6. Snow RW, Winstanley MT, Marsh VM, Newton C, Waruiru C, Mwangi I, et al. Childhood deaths in Africa: uses and limitations of verbal autopsies. The Lancet. 1992 Aug;340(8815):351–5.

7. Garenne M, Fontaine O. Assessing probable causes of death using a standardized questionnaire: a study in rural Senegal. BullWorld Health Organ. 2006 Mar;84(3):248–53.

8. Maixenchs M, Anselmo R, Zielinski-Gutierrez E, Odhiambo FO, Akello C, Ondire M, et al. Willingness to Know the Cause of Death and Hypothetical Acceptability of the Minimally Invasive Autopsy in Six Diverse African and Asian Settings: A Mixed Methods Socio-Behavioural Study. PLoS Med. 2016 Nov 22;13(11):e1002172. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002172 27875532

9. Bassat Q, Ordi J, Vila J, Ismail MR, Carrilho C, Lacerda M, et al. Development of a post-mortem procedure to reduce the uncertainty regarding causes of death in developing countries. Lancet GlobHealth. 2013 Sep;1(2214–109X (Electronic)):e125–6.

10. World Health Organization. The WHO Application of ICD-10 to deaths during pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium: ICD-MM [Internet]. 2012. Available from: http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/monitoring/9789241548458/en/

11. World Health Organization. International Classification of Diseases (ICD) [Internet]. 2016. [Internet]. Available from: http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2016/en

12. Castillo P, Ussene E, Ismail MR, Jordao D, Lovane L, Carrilho C, et al. Pathological Methods Applied to the Investigation of Causes of Death in Developing Countries: Minimally Invasive Autopsy Approach. PLoS ONE. 2015 Jun 30;10(6):e0132057. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132057 26126191

13. Martinez MJ, Massora S, Mandomando I, Ussene E, Jordao D. Infectious cause of death determination using minimally invasive autopsies in developing countries. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2016;84(1879–0070 (Electronic)):80–6. doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2015.10.002 26508103

14. World Health Organization. ICD-10 Volume 2 Instruction Manual [Internet]. 2016. Available from: http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/Content/statichtml/ICD10Volume2_en_2016.pdf?ua=1

15. Landis JR, Koch GG. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics. 1977 Mar;33(1):159–74. 843571

16. Bassat Q, Castillo P, Martinez MJ, Jordao D, Lovane L, Hurtado JC, et al. Validity of a minimally invasive autopsy tool for cause of death determination in pediatric deaths in Mozambique: An observational study. PLoS Med. 2017 Jun 20;14(6):e1002317. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002317 28632739

17. Menendez C, Castillo P, Martinez MJ, Jordao D, Lovane L, Ismail MR, et al. Validity of a minimally invasive autopsy for cause of death determination in stillborn babies and neonates in Mozambique: An observational study. PLoS Med. 2017 Jun 20;14(6):e1002318. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002318 28632735

18. Bailey PE, Keyes E, Moran AC, Singh K, Chavane L, Chilundo B. The triple threat of pregnancy, HIV infection and malaria: reported causes of maternal mortality in two nationwide health facility assessments in Mozambique, 2007 and 2012. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth [Internet]. 2015 Dec [cited 2017 Sep 28];15(1).

19. Menendez C, Romagosa C, Ismail MR, Carrilho C, Saute F, Osman N, et al. An autopsy study of maternal mortality in Mozambique: the contribution of infectious diseases. PLoS Med. 2008 Feb;5(2):e44. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050044 18288887

20. Murray CJL, Ortblad KF, Guinovart C, Lim SS, Wolock TM, Roberts DA, et al. Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality for HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria during 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. The Lancet. 2014 Sep;384(9947):1005–70.

21. Say L, Chou D, Gemmill A, Tunçalp Ö, Moller A-B, Daniels J, et al. Global causes of maternal death: a WHO systematic analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2014 Jun;2(6):e323–33. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70227-X 25103301

22. Black R, Laxminarayan R, Temmerman M, Walker N, editors. Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 2): Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health [Internet]. The World Bank; 2016 [cited 2017 Jun 1]. Available from: http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/978-1-4648-0348-2

23. Lathrop E, Jamieson DJ, Danel I. HIV and maternal mortality. Int J Gynaecol Obstet Off Organ Int Fed Gynaecol Obstet. 2014 Nov;127(2):213–5.

24. Taylor TE, Fu WJ, Carr RA, Whitten RO, Mueller JS, Fosiko NG, et al. Differentiating the pathologies of cerebral malaria by postmortem parasite counts. NatMed. 2004 Feb;10(1078–8956 (Print)):143–5.

25. Desai M, ter Kuile FO, Nosten F, McGready R, Asamoa K, Brabin B, et al. Epidemiology and burden of malaria in pregnancy. Lancet Infect Dis. 2007 Feb;7(2):93–104. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70021-X 17251080

26. Khan KS, Wojdyla D, Say L, Gülmezoglu AM, Van Look PFA. WHO analysis of causes of maternal death: a systematic review. Lancet Lond Engl. 2006 Apr 1;367(9516):1066–74.

27. Grange J, Adhikari M, Ahmed Y, Mwaba P, Dheda K, Hoelscher M, et al. Tuberculosis in association with HIV/AIDS emerges as a major nonobstetric cause of maternal mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2010 Mar;108(3):181–3.

28. Ordi J, Ismail MR, Carrilho C, Romagosa C, Osman N, Machungo F, et al. Clinico-Pathological Discrepancies in the Diagnosis of Causes of Maternal Death in Sub-Saharan Africa: Retrospective Analysis. PLoS Med [Internet]. 2009 Feb [cited 2016 Dec 3];6(2).

29. Parkes-Ratanshi R, Achan B, Kwizera R, Kambugu A, Meya D, Denning DW. Cryptococcal disease and the burden of other fungal diseases in Uganda; Where are the knowledge gaps and how can we fill them? Mycoses. 2015 Oct;58 Suppl 5 : 85–93.

30. French N, Gray K, Watera C, Nakiyingi J, Lugada E, Moore M, et al. Cryptococcal infection in a cohort of HIV-1-infected Ugandan adults. AIDS Lond Engl. 2002 May 3;16(7):1031–8.

31. Singh N, Perfect JR. Immune Reconstitution Syndrome and Exacerbation of Infections after Pregnancy. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Nov 1;45(9):1192–9. doi: 10.1086/522182 17918082

32. Ely EW, Peacock JE, Haponik EF, Washburn RG. Cryptococcal pneumonia complicating pregnancy. Medicine (Baltimore). 1998 May;77(3):153–67.

33. Nayak SU, Talwani R, Gilliam B, Taylor G, Ghosh M. Cryptococcal Meningitis in an HIV-Positive Pregnant Woman. J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care JIAPAC. 2011 Mar 1;10(2):79–82.

34. Ordi J, Ismail MR, Carrilho C, Romagosa C, Osman N, Machungo F, et al. Clinico-pathological discrepancies in the diagnosis of causes of maternal death in sub-Saharan Africa: retrospective analysis. PLoS Med. 2009 Feb 24;6(2):e1000036. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000036 19243215

35. Geelhoed DW, Visser LE, Asare K, Schagen van Leeuwen JH, van Roosmalen J. Trends in maternal mortality: a 13-year hospital-based study in rural Ghana. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2003 Apr 25;107(2):135–9. 12648857

36. Morris JA, Harrison LM, Partridge SM. Practical and theoretical aspects of postmortem bacteriology. Curr Diagn Pathol. 2007 Feb;13(1):65–74.

37. Riedel S. The Value of Postmortem Microbiology Cultures. J Clin Microbiol. 2014 Apr 1;52(4):1028–33. doi: 10.1128/JCM.03102-13 24403308

38. Fehling M, Nelson BD, Venkatapuram S. Limitations of the Millennium Development Goals: a literature review. Glob Public Health. 2013 Dec;8(10):1109–22. doi: 10.1080/17441692.2013.845676 24266508