#PAGE_PARAMS# #ADS_HEAD_SCRIPTS# #MICRODATA#

Treatment eligibility and retention in clinical HIV care: A regression discontinuity study in South Africa


Jacob Bor and colleagues use data on retention in care for people with HIV whose CD4 counts are just above or just below cutoffs for ART initiation to estimate real-world benefit of expanding ART eligibility.


Vyšlo v časopise: Treatment eligibility and retention in clinical HIV care: A regression discontinuity study in South Africa. PLoS Med 14(11): e32767. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002463
Kategorie: Research Article
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002463

Souhrn

Jacob Bor and colleagues use data on retention in care for people with HIV whose CD4 counts are just above or just below cutoffs for ART initiation to estimate real-world benefit of expanding ART eligibility.


Zdroje

1. Bor J, Herbst A, Newell M-L, Bärnighausen T. Increases in adult life expectancy in rural South Africa: valuing the scale-up of HIV treatment. Science. 2013;339:961–5. doi: 10.1126/science.1230413 23430655

2. Mills EJ, Bakanda C, Birungi J, Chan K, Ford N, Cooper CL, et al. Life expectancy of persons receiving combination antiretroviral therapy in low-income countries: a cohort analysis from Uganda. Ann Intern Med. 2011;155:209–17. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-155-4-201108160-00358 21768555

3. Bendavid E, Holmes CB, Bhattacharya J, Miller G. HIV development assistance and adult mortality in Africa. JAMA. 2012;307:2060–7. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.2001 22665105

4. Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, Aboyans V, et al. Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2012;380:2095–128. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0 23245604

5. Grinsztejn B, Hosseinipour MC, Ribaudo HJ, Swindells S, Eron J, Chen YQ, et al. Effects of early versus delayed initiation of antiretroviral treatment on clinical outcomes of HIV-1 infection: results from the phase 3 HPTN 052 randomised controlled trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2014;14:281–90. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70692-3 24602844

6. Danel C, Moh R, Gabillard D, Badje A, Le Carrou J, Ouassa T, et al. A trial of early antiretrovirals and isoniazid preventive therapy in Africa. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:808–22. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1507198 26193126

7. Lundgren JD, Babiker AG, Gordin F, Emery S, Grund B, Sharma S, et al. Initiation of antiretroviral therapy in early asymptomatic HIV infection. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:795–807. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1506816 26192873

8. World Health Organization. Guideline on when to start antiretroviral therapy and on pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015.

9. Motsoaledi A. Minister Aaron Motsoaledi: Health Dept budget vote 2016/17. Pretoria: South African Department of Health; 2016 [cited 2017 Oct 31]. http://www.gov.za/speeches/debate-health-budget-vote-national-assembly-10-may-2016-dr-aaron-motsoaledi-minister-health.

10. Gardner EM, McLees MP, Steiner JF, Del Rio C, Burman WJ. The spectrum of engagement in HIV care and its relevance to test-and-treat strategies for prevention of HIV infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;52:793–800. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciq243 21367734

11. Rosen S, Fox MP. Retention in HIV care between testing and treatment in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. PLoS Med. 2011;8:e1001056. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001056 21811403

12. Fox MP, Rosen S. Retention of adult patients on antiretroviral therapy in low- and middle-income countries: systematic review and meta-analysis 2008–2013. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2015;69:98–108. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000553 25942461

13. Mugglin C, Estill J, Wandeler G, Bender N, Egger M, Gsponer T, et al. Loss to programme between HIV diagnosis and initiation of antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis. Trop Med Int Health 2012;17:1509–20. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2012.03089.x 22994151

14. Kranzer K, Govindasamy D, Ford N, Johnston V, Lawn SD. Quantifying and addressing losses along the continuum of care for people living with HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. J Int AIDS Soc. 2012;15:17383. doi: 10.7448/IAS.15.2.17383 23199799

15. Peltzer K, Pengpid S. Socioeconomic factors in adherence to HIV therapy in low- and middle-income countries. J Health Popul Nutr. 2013;31:150–70. 23930333

16. Hatcher AM, Turan JM, Leslie HH, Kanya LW, Kwena Z, Johnson MO, et al. Predictors of linkage to care following community-based HIV counseling and testing in rural Kenya. AIDS Behav. 2012;16:1295–307. doi: 10.1007/s10461-011-0065-1 22020756

17. Mujugira A, Celum C, Thomas KK, Farquhar C, Mugo N, Katabira E, et al. Delay of antiretroviral therapy initiation is common in east African HIV-infected individuals in serodiscordant partnerships. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2014;66:436–42. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000192 24798765

18. Gerdts SE, Wagenaar BH, Micek MA, Farquhar C, Kariaganis M, Amos J, et al. Linkage to HIV care and antiretroviral therapy by HIV testing service type in Central Mozambique: a retrospective cohort study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2014;66:e37–44. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000081 24326605

19. Hønge BL, Jespersen S, Nordentoft PB, Medina C, da Silva D, da Silva ZJ, et al. Loss to follow-up occurs at all stages in the diagnostic and follow-up period among HIV-infected patients in Guinea-Bissau: a 7-year retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open. 2013;3:e003499. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003499 24163204

20. Clouse K, Pettifor AE, Maskew M, Bassett J, Van Rie A, Behets F, et al. Patient retention from HIV diagnosis through one year on antiretroviral therapy at a primary health care clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2013;62:e39–46. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e318273ac48 23011400

21. Larson BA, Brennan A, McNamara L, Long L, Rosen S, Sanne I, et al. Lost opportunities to complete CD4+ lymphocyte testing among patients who tested positive for HIV in South Africa. Bull World Health Organ. 2010;88:675–80. doi: 10.2471/BLT.09.068981 20865072

22. Hassan AS, Fielding KL, Thuo NM, Nabwera HM, Sanders EJ, Berkley JA. Early loss to follow-up of recently diagnosed HIV-infected adults from routine pre-ART care in a rural district hospital in Kenya: a cohort study. Trop Med Int Health. 2012;17:82–93. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2011.02889.x 22943164

23. Lessells RJ, Mutevedzi PC, Cooke GS, Newell M-L. Retention in HIV care for individuals not yet eligible for antiretroviral therapy: rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2011;56:e79. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3182075ae2 21157360

24. Mutevedzi PC, Lessells RJ, Heller T, Bärnighausen T, Cooke G, Newell M-L. Scale-up of a decentralized HIV treatment programme in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: does rapid expansion affect patient outcomes? Bull World Health Organ. 2010;88:593–600. doi: 10.2471/BLT.09.069419 20680124

25. Thistlethwaite DL, Campbell DT. Regression-discontinuity analysis: an alternative to the ex post facto experiment. J Educ Psychol. 1960;51:309–17.

26. O’Keeffe AG, Geneletti S, Baio G, Sharples LD, Nazareth I, Petersen I. Regression discontinuity designs: an approach to the evaluation of treatment efficacy in primary care using observational data. BMJ. 2014;349:g5293. doi: 10.1136/bmj.g5293 25199521

27. Venkataramani AS, Bor J, Jena AB. Regression discontinuity designs in healthcare research. BMJ. 2016;352:i1216. doi: 10.1136/bmj.i1216 26977086

28. Bor J, Moscoe E, Mutevedzi P, Newell M-L, Bärnighausen T. Regression discontinuity designs in epidemiology: causal inference without randomized trials. Epidemiology 2014;25:729–37. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000138 25061922

29. Hughes MD, Stein DS, Gundacker HM, Valentine FT, Phair JP, Volberding PA. Within-subject variation in CD4 lymphocyte count in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection: implications for patient monitoring. J Infect Dis. 1994;169:28–36. 7903975

30. Lee DS. Randomized experiments from non-random selection in U.S. House elections. J Econom. 2008;142:675–97.

31. Houlihan CF, Bland RM, Mutevedzi PC, Lessells RJ, Ndirangu J, Thulare H, et al. Cohort profile: Hlabisa HIV Treatment and Care Programme. Int J Epidemiol. 2011;40:318–26. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyp402 20154009

32. Tanser F, Hosegood V, Bärnighausen T, Herbst K, Nyirenda M, Muhwava W, et al. Cohort profile: Africa Centre Demographic Information System (ACDIS) and population-based HIV survey. Int J Epidemiol. 2008;37:956–62. doi: 10.1093/ije/dym211 17998242

33. Hlabisa Hospital. Memorandum: change to national ART guidelines for adults: CD4 eligibility criteria. Nongoma: Hlabisa Hospital; 2011.

34. Vandenbroucke JP, le Cessie S. Commentary: regression discontinuity design: let’s give it a try to evaluate medical and public health interventions. Epidemiology. 2014;25:738–41. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000145 25076150

35. Bor J, Moscoe E, Bärnighausen T. Three approaches to causal inference in regression discontinuity designs. Epidemiology. 2015;26:e28–30. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000256 25643120

36. Bor J, Moscoe E, Bärnighausen T. The “natural experiment” in regression discontinuity designs: randomization without controlled trials (rapid response). BMJ. 2014;349:g5293. doi: 10.1136/bmj.g5293

37. Imbens GW, Lemieux T. Regression discontinuity designs: a guide to practice. J Econom. 2008;142:615–35.

38. Lee DS, Lemieux T. Regression discontinuity designs in economics. J Econ Lit. 2010;48:281–355.

39. Almond D, Doyle JJ, Kowalski AE, Williams H. Estimating marginal returns to medical care: evidence from at-risk newborns. Q J Econ. 2010;125:591–634. 20634927

40. Moscoe E, Bor J, Bärnighausen T. Regression discontinuity designs are underutilized in medicine, epidemiology, and public health: a review of current and best practice. J Clin Epidemiol. 2015;68:122–33. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.06.021 25579639

41. Sood N, Bendavid E, Mukherji A, Wagner Z, Nagpal S, Mullen P. Government health insurance for people below poverty line in India: quasi-experimental evaluation of insurance and health outcomes. BMJ. 2014;349:g5114. doi: 10.1136/bmj.g5114 25214509

42. Bor J, Moscoe E, Bärnighausen T. When to start HIV treatment: evidence from a regression discontinuity study in South Africa. Population Association of America 2015 Annual Meeting; 2015 Apr 30–May 2; San Diego, CA. http://paa2015.princeton.edu/abstracts/151012

43. Oldenburg CE, Moscoe E, Bärnighausen T. Regression discontinuity for causal effect estimation in epidemiology. Curr Epidemiol Rep. 2017;3(3):233–41. doi: 10.1007/s40471-016-0080-x

44. McCrary J. Manipulation of the running variable in the regression discontinuity design: a density test. J Econom. 2008;142:698–714.

45. Imbens GW, Kalyanaraman K. Optimal bandwidth choice for the regression discontinuity estimator. Rev Econ Stud. 2011;79:933–59.

46. Hahn J, Todd P, Van der Klaauw W. Identification and estimation of treatment effects with a regression-discontinuity design. Econometrica. 2001;69:201–9.

47. World Health Organization. Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in adults and adolescents: recommendations for a public health approach: 2010 revision. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010.

48. Imbens GW, Angrist JD. Identification and estimation of local average treatment effects. Econometrica. 1994;62:467–75.

49. Imbens GW, Rubin DB. Estimating outcome distributions for compliers in instrumental variables models. Rev Econ Stud. 1997;64:555–74.

50. Tversky A, Kahneman D. Loss aversion in riskless choice: a reference-dependent model. Q J Econ. 1991;106:1039–61.

51. Lally P, van Jaarsveld CHM, Potts HWW, Wardle J. How are habits formed: modelling habit formation in the real world. Eur J Soc Psychol. 2010;40:998–1009.

52. Bärnighausen T, Chaiyachati K, Chimbindi N, Peoples A, Haberer J, Newell M-L. Interventions to increase antiretroviral adherence in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review of evaluation studies. Lancet Infect Dis. 2011;11:942–51. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(11)70181-5 22030332

53. Chaiyachati KH, Ogbuoji O, Price M, Suthar AB, Negussie EK, Bärnighausen T. Interventions to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy: a rapid systematic review. AIDS. 2014;28(Suppl 2):S187–204. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000252 24849479

54. Katz IT, Ryu AE, Onuegbu AG, Psaros C, Weiser SD, Bangsberg DR, et al. Impact of HIV-related stigma on treatment adherence: systematic review and meta-synthesis. J Int AIDS Soc. 2013;16(3 Suppl 2):18640. doi: 10.7448/IAS.16.3.18640 24242258

55. Bogart LM, Chetty S, Giddy J, Sypek A, Sticklor L, Walensky RP, et al. Barriers to care among people living with HIV in South Africa: contrasts between patient and healthcare provider perspectives. AIDS Care. 2013;25:843–53. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2012.729808 23061894

56. Lifson AR, Grund B, Gardner EM, Kaplan R, Denning E, Engen N, et al. Improved quality of life with immediate versus deferred initiation of antiretroviral therapy in early asymptomatic HIV infection. AIDS. 2017;31:953–63. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000001417 28121710

57. Govindasamy D, Meghij J, Kebede Negussi E, Clare Baggaley R, Ford N, Kranzer K. Interventions to improve or facilitate linkage to or retention in pre-ART (HIV) care and initiation of ART in low- and middle-income settings—a systematic review. J Int AIDS Soc. 2014;17:19032. doi: 10.7448/IAS.17.1.19032 25095831

58. World Health Organization. Guidelines for managing advanced HIV disease and rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017 [cited 2017 Oct 31]. http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/guidelines/advanced-HIV-disease/en/.

59. Bor J, Ahmed S, Fox MP, Rosen S, Meyer-Rath G, Katz IT, et al. Effect of eliminating CD4-count thresholds on HIV treatment initiation in South Africa: an empirical modeling study. PLoS ONE. 2017;12:e0178249. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178249 28617805

60. Bärnighausen T, Tugwell P, Røttingen J-A, Shemilt I, Rockers P, Geldsetzer P, et al. Quasi-experimental study designs series—paper 4: uses and value. J Clin Epidemiol. 2017 Mar 29. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.03.012 28365303

61. Bärnighausen T, Oldenburg C, Tugwell P, Bommer C, Ebert C, Barreto M, et al. Quasi-experimental study designs series—paper 7: assessing the assumptions. J Clin Epidemiol. 2017 Mar 29. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.02.017 28365306

62. Gelman A, Imbens G. Why high-order polynomials should not be used in regression discontinuity designs. J Bus Econ Stat. 2017 Aug 17. doi: 10.1080/07350015.2017.1366909

63. Bor J, Geldsetzer P, Venkataramani A, Bärnighausen T. Quasi-experiments to establish causal effects of HIV care and treatment and to improve the cascade of care. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2015 Nov; 10(6):495–501. doi: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000191

64. Westreich D, Pence BW, Turner AN. In populo. Epidemiology. 2010;21:152–3. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181c1e92a 20010219

65. Fox MP, Larson B, Rosen S. Defining retention and attrition in pre-antiretroviral HIV care: proposals based on experience in Africa. Trop Med Int Health. 2012;17:1235–44. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2012.03055.x 22863075

66. Oldenberg C, Bor J, Tanser F, Mutevedzi T, Shahmanesh M, Seage G, et al. Immediate HIV treatment prevents new infections: causal evidence on the real-world impact of immediate versus deferred ART in rural South Africa. 2016 International AIDS Conference; 2016 Jul 18–22; Durban, South Africa.

67. World Health Organization. Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in adults and adolescents: recommendations for a public health approach: 2013 revision. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013.

68. Severe P, Juste MAJ, Ambroise A, Eliacin L, Marchand C, Apollon S, et al. Early versus standard antiretroviral therapy for HIV-infected adults in Haiti. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:257–65. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0910370 20647201

69. Cohen MS, Chen YQ, McCauley M, Gamble T, Hosseinipour MC, Kumarasamy N, et al. Prevention of HIV-1 infection with early antiretroviral therapy. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:493–505. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1105243 21767103

70. World Health Organization. Scaling up antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings: treatment guidelines for a public health approach. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2003.

Štítky
Interné lekárstvo

Článok vyšiel v časopise

PLOS Medicine


2017 Číslo 11
Najčítanejšie tento týždeň
Najčítanejšie v tomto čísle
Kurzy

Zvýšte si kvalifikáciu online z pohodlia domova

Získaná hemofilie - Povědomí o nemoci a její diagnostika
nový kurz

Eozinofilní granulomatóza s polyangiitidou
Autori: doc. MUDr. Martina Doubková, Ph.D.

Všetky kurzy
Prihlásenie
Zabudnuté heslo

Zadajte e-mailovú adresu, s ktorou ste vytvárali účet. Budú Vám na ňu zasielané informácie k nastaveniu nového hesla.

Prihlásenie

Nemáte účet?  Registrujte sa

#ADS_BOTTOM_SCRIPTS#