Interaction of auditory and vestibular functions and their relation to age and cognition
Interakce sluchových a vestibulárních funkcí a jejich vztah k věku a kognici
Sluchový a vestibulární systém hrají zásadní roli nejen v senzorickém zpracování, ale i v kognitivních procesech, vč. paměti, pozornosti a prostorové orientace. Stárnutí je spojeno s postupným poklesem funkcí obou systémů, což může významně přispívat k rozvoji kognitivního deficitu a demence. Relativně novým poznatkem je korelace strukturálního poškození „default mode“ sítě a neurokognitivního deficitu, který může sloužit jako časný biomarker demence. Vztah mezi vestibulopatií a kognicí potvrzují signifikantně horší výsledky v testech krátkodobé paměti a prostorové orientace, přičemž závažnost poruch rovnováhy koreluje s mírou kognitivního úpadku. Porucha sluchu ve stáří (presbyakuze) představuje nejvýznamnější modifikovatelný rizikový faktor demence. Cílem této práce je shrnout současné poznatky o těchto souvislostech a zdůraznit význam včasné diagnostiky senzorických deficitů pro prevenci neurodegenerativních onemocnění.
Klíčová slova:
demence – presbyakuze – sluch – hipokampus – kognitivní dysfunkce – vestibulární jádra
Authors:
E. Poláková; G. Himmel; O. Profant; M. Chovanec
Authors‘ workplace:
Otorinolaryngologická klinika 3. LF UK a FN Královské Vinohrady, Praha
Published in:
Otorinolaryngol Foniatr, 75, 2026, No. Ahead of Print, pp. 0.
Category:
Review Article
doi:
https://doi.org/10.48095/ccorl2026-017
Overview
The auditory and vestibular systems play a crucial role not only in sensory processing but also in cognitive functions, including memory, attention, and spatial orientation. Aging is associated with a gradual decline in the function of both systems, which can significantly contribute to the development of cognitive impairment and dementia. A relatively recent finding is the correlation between structural damage of the default mode network and neurocognitive deficits, which may serve as an early biomarker of dementia. The relationship between vestibulopathy and cognition is supported by significantly poorer patient performance in tests of short-term memory and spatial orientation, with the severity of balance disorders correlating with the degree of cognitive decline. Age-related hearing loss (presbycusis) represents the most important modifiable risk factor for dementia. The aim of this paper is to summarize current knowledge on this relationship and to emphasize the importance of early diagnosis of sensory deficits for the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.
Keywords:
dementia – Hippocampus – presbycusis – hearing – cognitive dysfunction – vestibular nuclei
Labels
Audiology Paediatric ENT ENT (Otorhinolaryngology)Article was published in
Otorhinolaryngology and Phoniatrics
2026 Issue Ahead of Print
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