Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in 2006
Syndrom polycystických ovarií v roce 2006
Syndrom polycystických ovarií byl definován původně jako anovulace a chronická hyperandrogenémie (kritéria NIH), pozdější kritéria berou v potaz i přítomnost morfologického nálezu polycystických ovarií při sonografickém vyšetření (Rotterdamská definice). Kritéria NIH definují pacientky, které mají současně s hyperandrogenním stavem i výraznější doprovodné metabolické poruchy (inzulínovou rezistenci, obezitu). Patogeneze syndromu polycystických ovarií není zatím dobře objasněná. Jedna z teorií o vzniku syndromu polycystických ovarií předpokládá klíčovou poruchu vedoucí k plně vyvinutému syndromu v dysregulaci ovariální steroidogenezy. Byla prokázána zvýšená exprese celé řady steroidogenních enzymů, pravděpodobně v důsledku nadměrné exprese transkripčních faktorů, např. GATA 6 a retinoidů. Od 90. let 20. století jsou v léčbě syndromu polycystických ovarií užívány inzulínové senzitizátory. Bylo prokázáno, že pozitivně ovlivňují nejen inzulínovou senzitivitu a doprovodné metabolické poruchy, ale i ovariální a adrenální steroidogenezi. Metformin a glitazony upravují anovulační cykly, avšak zatím provedené studie nebyly dostatečně zacílené na to, zda vedou i k větší šanci na úspěšně ukončenou graviditu. Přesná léčebná schémata pro ženy se syndromem polycystických ovarií, v nichž by se uplatňovaly inzulínové senzitizátory, nejsou zatím stanovena.
Klíčová slova:
syndrom polycystických ovarií, steroidní hormony, inzulínová rezistence, metformin.
Authors:
J. Vrbíková; B. Bendlová
Authors‘ workplace:
Endokrinologický ústav, Praha
Published in:
Čas. Lék. čes. 2007; 146: 218-222
Category:
Review Article
Overview
Polycystic ovary syndrome was defined as the combination of anovulation and hyperandrogenaemia (NIH 1990). Another definition used the combination of ultrasonographic appearance of polycystic ovaries and/or anovulation and/or hyperandrogenaemia or cutaneous manifestations of hyperandrogenism (Rotterdam). The population defined according to NIH is probably in greater risk of insulin resistance and obesity. Pathogenesis of PCOS is not clear till now. Dysregulation of ovarian steroidogenesis could be one of the causes of the full-blown syndrome. Up-regulation of steroidogenic enzymes, probably due to the exaggerated expression of transcription factors such as GATA-6 or retinoids could be involved. Insulin sensitisators are now widely used in the therapy. They could beneficially modify not only insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia, but also ovarian and adrenal steroidogenesis. Metformin and glitazones improve anovulation however the studies conducted till now were not representative concerning the point of successful pregnancy.
Key words:
polycystic ovary syndrome, steroid hormone, insulin resistance, metformin.
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