Gliadin 33-mer in coeliac disease pathogenesis, therapy and monitoring
Gliadin 33-mer v patogenezi, terapii a monitorování celiakie
Celiakie je onemocněním autoimunního charakteru s geneticky podmíněnou vazbou HLA třídy II DQ2 nebo DQ8 charakterizovanou reakcemi střevních T buněk na proteiny pšeničného lepku v potravě. Unikátní peptidový fragment α2-gliadinu, gliadin-33mer, je považován za nejdůležitější imunogenní sekvenci v glutenu, peptid je zcela rezistentní na gastrointestinální peptidázy, a je zcela specifický pro prolaminy. Gliadin 33-mer je stimulátorem CD4-T buněk po deamidaci tkáňovou transglutaminázou. Jedinou ověřenou léčbou celiakie je celoživotní bezlepková dieta a v současné době se vyvíjí několik nových terapeutických přístupů. Enzymatické štěpení lepku pomocí glutenáz se zaměřením na cytotoxický gliadin 33-mer bylo ověřeno v řadě klinických studií. Detekce glutenových imunogenních peptidů, gliadin 33-meru, ve stolici a moči se stává novým neinvazivním biomarkerem a nabízí nový jednoduchý a objektivní způsob hodnocení příjmu lepku a ověření souladu s dodržováním bezlepkové diety u pacientů s celiakií. V diagnostice celiakie umožňuje spolehlivě ověřit non-responzibilní celiakii.
Klíčová slova:
patogeneze – terapie – celiakie – bezlepková dieta – monitoring – gliadin – gli-33mer – glutenázy
Authors:
P. Kocna
Authors‘ workplace:
Ústav lékařské biochemie a laboratorní diagnostiky, 1. Lékařské fakulty Karlovy University a Všeobecné fakultní nemocnice, Praha
Published in:
Klin. Biochem. Metab., 29, 2021, No. 2, p. 64-70
doi:
https://doi.org/10.61568/kbm.2021.010
Overview
Celiac disease is an autoimmune disease with genetically determined HLA class II binding DQ2 or DQ8 characterized by intestinal T cell responses to wheat gluten proteins in the diet. The unique α2-gliadin peptide fragment, gliadin-33mer, is considered to be the most important immunogenic sequence in gluten, this peptide is completely resistant to gastrointestinal peptidases and is completely specific for prolamins. Gliadin 33-mer is a stimulator of CD4-T cells after deamidation by tissue transglutaminase. The only proven treatment for celiac disease is a lifelong gluten-free diet, and several new therapeutic approaches are currently being developed. The enzymatic cleavage of gluten by glutenases with a focus on the cytotoxic gliadin 33-mer has been verified in a number of clinical studies. Detection of gluten immunogenic peptides, gliadin 33-mer, in faeces and urine is becoming a new non-invasive biomarker and offers a new simple and objective way to assess gluten intake and verify compliance with a gluten-free diet in patients with celiac disease. In the diagnosis of celiac disease allows you to reliably verify non-responsive celiac disease.
Keywords:
monitoring – Pathogenesis – Celiac disease – therapy – gluten-free diet – gliadine – gli-33mer – glutenase
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Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism
2021 Issue 2
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