Acute myeloid leukemia – how the approach to diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment options has changed
Akutní myeloidní leukémie – jak se změnil přístup v diagnostice, stratifikaci rizika a možnostech léčby
K porozumění odlišného biologického chování u akutní myeloidní leukémie (AML) vedly především nové poznatky z molekulární biologie. Na základě molekulárních změn byla upravována klasifikace a diagnostická kritéria tak, aby odrážela biologickou podstatu AML. Přítomnost molekulárních změn umožnila též zpřesnit stanovení prognózy AML a sledování léčebné odpovědi. Současně s tím dochází k rozvoji cílené terapie. Nejvýznamnějšími léčivy z této skupiny jsou inhibitor proteinu bcl-2 (venetoklax), inhibitory FLT3 mutace a inhibitory IDH1/2. Léčba AML je komplikovaná, což zdůrazňuje potřebu odborných znalostí, aby bylo možné poskytnout optimální terapii a dosáhnout optimálních výsledků. Různé podtypy AML vyžadují odlišný léčebný přístup. V tomto přehledu jsou shrnuty důležité změny zahrnující diagnostiku, význam precizního molekulárně genetického vyšetření a nové léčebné směry.
Klíčová slova:
venetoklax – AML (diagnóza) – AML (terapie) – MRD (měřitelná reziduální choroba) u AML
Authors:
P. Žák
Authors‘ workplace:
IV. interní hematologická klinika FN Hradec Králové
Published in:
Transfuze Hematol. dnes,32, 2026, No. Ahead of Print, p. 1-7.
Category:
Review/Educational Papers
doi:
https://doi.org/10.48095/cctahd202606
Overview
New findings in molecular biology have led to a better understanding of the diverse biological behaviour of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Based on molecular alterations, classification systems and diagnostic criteria have been modified to better reflect the biological nature of AML. The identification of molecular changes has also enabled more precise prognostic stratification and improved monitoring of treatment response. At the same time, targeted therapies are being developed. The most important drugs in this group include BCL-2 protein inhibitors (venetoclax), FLT3 mutation inhibitors, and IDH1/2 inhibitors. The treatment of AML is complex, highlighting the need for specialised expertise to ensure optimal therapy and achieve the best possible outcomes. Different subtypes of AML require different therapeutic approaches. This review summarises key developments in diagnosis, emphasises the importance of precise molecular genetic testing, and outlines new directions in treatment
Keywords:
venetoclax – AML (diagnosis) – AML (therapy) – MRD (measurable residual disease) in AML
Labels
Haematology Internal medicine Clinical oncologyArticle was published in
Transfusion and Haematology Today
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