Perinatal ischemic stroke – a review of current knowledge

Czech version

Authors: A. Dítě ¹; Š. Aulická ^2,3
Authors‘ workplace: LF MU a FN Brno ¹; I. neurologická klinika LF MU a FN u sv. Anny a FN Brno ²; Výzkumná skupina Ondřeje Slabého, CEITEC MU ³
Published in: Cesk Slov Neurol N 2026; 89(3): 157-161
Category: Review Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.48095/cccsnn2026157

Overview

Perinatal stroke is a significant brain injury occurring between the 20^th week of gestation and the 28^th day of life. The most common form is arterial ischemic stroke, with a significantly higher incidence in premature newborns. The etiology of perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (PAIS) in the neonatal period is multifactorial. Immaturity of the brain, immaturity of the coagulation system and the presence of risk factors increase the incidence. Thromboembolisation from the placenta and congenital heart defects are common causes, along with genetic factors, coagulopathies, maternal and other neonatal risk factors. Data on the incidence of perinatal stroke in the Czech Republic are lacking, but abroad it is estimated at 1 : 1,600 to 1 : 2,300 live births. Neonatal ischemic stroke often manifests itself with focal epileptic seizures, while in premature children it may be asymptomatic. Diagnosis involves various methods, including cranial ultrasonography, MRI, and laboratory tests. Therapeutic procedures in the acute phase include also supportive care, treatment of potential complications, and in some cases anticoagulant therapy. Early and long-term rehabilitation with a multidisciplinary approach, focused on motor and cognitive development, is important. The prognosis is variable, although most affected children suffer from neurological deficits and psychomotor developmental delays. Further research and improved availability of diagnostic methods may contribute to a better understanding of this complex issue and improve the prognosis of patients.

Keywords:

Prognosis – risk factors – neonate – perinatal stroke

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