Cardiovascular complications in multiple myeloma
Authors:
L. Elbl 1,2; Z. Adam 3; M. Krejčí 3; L. Pour 3
Authors‘ workplace:
Interní kardiologická klinika LF MU a FN Brno
1; Kardiologická ambulance Halasovo náměstí 597, Brno Lesná
2; Interní hematologická a onkologická klinika LF MU a FN Brno
3
Published in:
Transfuze Hematol. dnes,31, 2025, No. 2, p. 61-65.
Category:
Review/Educational Papers
doi:
https://doi.org/10.48095/cctahd2025prolekare.cz6
Overview
Most patients with multiple myeloma (MM) are over 50 years old, with a median age at diagnosis of nearly 70 years. This is an age when cardiovascular diseases are common. It has been shown that the incidence of hypertension in MM patients is higher than in the general population of the same age, and cardiovascular diseases are present in 69% of MM patients. Myeloma cells negatively affect the cardiovascular system through certain pathophysiological mechanisms, and the medications used in treatment also have adverse effects. Products of myeloma cells can damage the cardiovascular system through the following mechanisms: heart damage due to deposits of light chains in either amyloid or amorphous form, hyperviscosity, hyperkinetic heart failure due to shunt circulation, pulmonary hypertension, and the negative effects of anaemia and renal failure on cardiovascular fitness. It is crucial for patients that their physician is familiar with these phenomena and adjusts MM treatment accordingly to ensure that the benefits always outweigh the adverse effects. This review summarises current knowledge on the pathophysiology of cardiovascular complications in patients with symptomatic MM.
Keywords:
AL amyloidosis – Pulmonary hypertension – hypertensive disease in myeloma – light chain deposition disease – hypercalcaemia – impact of anaemia on the heart – QTc interval – hyperkinetic circulation heart failure
Sources
Labels
Haematology Internal medicine Clinical oncologyArticle was published in
Transfusion and Haematology Today
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