Hippocampus, Structure of the Brain and Schizophrenia
Hipokampus, morfologie mozku a schizofrenie
Schizofrenie je klinicky heterogenní onemocnění, u kterého doposud není jasná patogeneze a patofyziologické mechanizmy, jež by umožnily jasnější klasifikaci, odrážející individuální vulnerabilitu a umožňující cílenější terapeutické přístupy. Množí se nálezy – zejména z oboru zobrazovacích metod, které naznačují klíčovou roli hipokampu v rozvoji tohoto onemocnění. Nejvýznamnější nálezy přinášejí metody studia morfologie mozku, doposud nejčastěji tzv. volumetrie. Klinické souvislosti hipokampální dysfunkce však nejsou doposud objasněny, existuje množství inkonzistentních nálezů. V současnosti jsou dostupné nové metody zpracování obrazu mozku a jeho statistického vyhodnocení (výpočetní neuroanatomie), které by mohly pomoci upřesnit koncept schizofrenie a ujasnit souvislosti morfologických změn mozku u schizofrenie s klinickým obrazem.
Klíčová slova:
schizofrenie, endofenotyp, morfologie, volumetrie, výpočetní neuroanatomie.
Authors:
T. Kašpárek; R. Přikryl; D. Schwarz 1; H. Kučerová; E. Češková
Authors‘ workplace:
Psychiatrická klinika LF MU a FN, Brno
; Centrum biostatistiky a analýz LF MU, Brno
1
Published in:
Čas. Lék. čes. 2006; 145: 544-547
Category:
Review Article
Overview
Schizophrenia is a clinically heterogeneous state without clearly defined pathogenesis. This limits the classification approaches with consequent lack of ability for individual treatment strategies. It becomes evident that hippocampus is a key structure in the neuropathology of schizophrenia and a concept of hippocampal reduction as an endophenotype of schizophrenia was established. The biggest support came from MRI volumetric studies. Despite that, due to some inconsistent findings, clinical consequences of hippocampal shrinkage are not yet clear. Contemporary methods of brain imaging (computation morphometry, voxel-based morphometry) could help us to outline the concept of schizophrenia and to clarify the clinical consequences of brain structure changes.
Key words:
schizophrenia, endophenotype, morphology, volumetry, computational neuroanatomy.
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