Paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes and autoimmune encephalitis – 10-year monocentric observational study
Authors:
P. Potužník 1; J. Vejskal 1; K. Štibraná 1; M. Peterka 1,2; R. Tupý 3
Authors‘ workplace:
Neurologická klinika LF UK a FN Plzeň
1; Neurologická klinika, LF UK Hradec Králové
2; Klinika zobrazovacích metod, LF UK a FN Plzeň
3
Published in:
Cesk Slov Neurol N 2025; 88(2): 101-108
Category:
Original Paper
doi:
https://doi.org/10.48095/cccsnn2025101
Overview
Aim: To introduce the current diagnostic criteria of paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes and autoimmune encephalitis and to provide experience with diagnosis and treatment using our own cohort. Methods: We conducted a 10-year observational study of paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes and autoimmune encephalitis in our department from 2014 to 2023; it was a combination of a retrospective and prospective follow-up. Diagnosis, clinical syndrome, antibodies, tumor type, disease course, treatment, and prognosis were determined according to the 2021 diagnostic criteria. Results: 23 patients with autoimmune encephalitis and paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes were identified. The mean age of diagnosis was 57.6 years, and 69.6% were female. The most common paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome/autoimmune encephalitis was limbic encephalitis. Anti-Yo was the most frequently determined antibody. Paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes were most frequently associated with small cell lung cancer (5 patients). 95.7% of patients underwent immunomodulatory therapy. Death during follow-up was related to tumor or paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome/autoimmune encephalitis in 47.8% of patients. Conclusion: The study confirms a low incidence of autoimmune encephalitis and paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes, but also a high mortality rate despite evolving treatments and diagnostic methods.
Keywords:
autoimmunity – Antibodies – cancer – autoimmune encephalitis – cerebrospinal fl uid – paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome
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Paediatric neurology Neurosurgery NeurologyArticle was published in
Czech and Slovak Neurology and Neurosurgery
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